Test 1 Flashcards
Motor Control and the Cerebral Cortex
Association Fibers
connect different cortical regions of the same hemisphere.
Commissural Fibers
cross midline and connect cortical area of one hemisphere to a homologous cortical area on the other hemisphere.
Commisure
bundles of fibers that cross midline carrying info from one hemisphere to the other (i.e. corupus collosum and anterior [Brocca’s Area: L is speach, R is gestures] and posterior commisures)
Broadmann’s Area
area based on percentage of each type of cells found in them. Designate different areas of cortex.
5 Functional Categories of Cortex
1) Primary Sensory Cortex
2) Sensory Association Cortex
3) Association Cortex
4) Motor Planning Area
5) Primary Motor Cortex
Primary Sensory Cortex function
Discriminates between intensity and quality of incoming info (5 senses)
Sensory Association Cortex function
complex analysis of incoming sensation
Association Cortex function
controls behavior, interprets sensation, processes emotions and memories (higher level processing)
Motor Planning Area function
organizes and plans movements
Primary Motor Cortex function
projects of motor neurons in cord to produce movement
Primary Sensory Area function: Somatosensory
discriminates shape, texture, or size of object (3,1,2)
Primary Sensory Area function: Auditory
conscious discrimination of loudness and pitch of sounds (intensity)
Primary Sensory Area function: Visual
Distinguish intensity of light, shape, size, location of objects
Primary Sensory Area function: Vestibular
discriminates among head positions and head movements
Sensory Association Area function: Somatosensory
stereognosis and memory of tactile and spatial environment
Sereognosis
ability to identify an object by touch alone
Sensory Association Area function: Visual
Analysis of motion, color, control of visual fixation
Sensory Association Area function: Auditory
classification of sounds (knowing it is a dog barking or bell ringing)
Primary Motor Area function
control of voluntary movement (4)
Motor Planning Area function: Supplementary motor area
initiation of movement, orientation of head and eyes, planning bimanual and sequential movements, “set activity”
Motor Planning Area function: Premotor cortex
anticipatory (“Feed Forward”) postural adjustments (“postural sets”) by control of trunk and girdle muscles. This is learned not genetic. Muscles contract before movement happens.
Motor Planning Area function: Broca’s Area
motor programming and grammatical aspects of speech, in L hemisphere usually (44)
Motor Planning Area function: Broca’s Analogue
planning nonverbal communication, in R or nondominant cortex. (gestures, tone of voice, etc.)
Association Cortex function: Prefrontal
“Executive Functions”, goal-oriented behavior (motivation to move), planning how to accomplish goal (choosing to move not how to move), monitoring execution of plan, shot term motor memory
