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Voice Disorders > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Give some etiologies for laryngeal trauma

A

Hit in the neck, weight lifting, foreign bodies

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2
Q

How many, and what are the signs/symptoms for laryngeal cancer?

A

5, hoarseness, rough voice, pain, strain, difficulty/pain swallowing

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3
Q

What, and how many, etiologies of laryngeal cancer are there?

A

3, smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, asbestos or chemical exposure

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4
Q

How many, and what are the types of laryngeal cancer- which is the more common, which is the rarest?

A

3, Glottic (larynx-vocal folds) more common, Supraglottic, and subglottic (rare)

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5
Q

What can cancer be mistaken for? What is a good way to differencially diagnose?

A

Fungal growth, perscribe an anti-fungal medication

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6
Q

What causes strain in laryngeal cancer?

A

Glottic vocal fold stiffness

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7
Q

What percent of people with chemical exposure or espestos exposure get larygeal cancer?

A

Less than 10%

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8
Q

Smokers are ______ times more likely to get cancer if they ___________.

A

3; drink

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9
Q

What kind of pain do people with laryngeal cancer experience?

A

Stabbing pain caused by the lack of range of motion

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10
Q

3 part question:
1 Describe Leukoplakia
2 What are they indicators of?
3 What is commonly done with Leukoplakia?

A
  1. They are white patches/growths on epithelium
  2. Cancer - it is precancer
  3. Refer out for biopsy
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11
Q

What are the etiologies of Leukoplakia? Tell me the percentage of one of them!

A

Smoking and Chemical exposure (10%)

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12
Q

What are the signs and symptoms and how many are there for Leukoplakia?

A

3; Hoarseness, less vocal fold vibration, Vocal Fold Edema

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13
Q

Polypoid corditis is……..?

A

Reinke’s Edema

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14
Q

How do you describe Polypoid Corditis?

A

Swelling of the entire superficial lamina propria (Reinke’s Layer)

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15
Q

What is the eitiology for Reinke’s Edema?

A

smoking

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16
Q

How many signs and symptoms are there for Polypoid Corditis? What are they?

A

4, gravelly voice, low pitch, Vocal Fold edema, impaired breathing

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17
Q

True or False: Polypoid Corditis always decreases vocal fold vibration

A

False! Sometimes, it increases vibration

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18
Q

List the eitiologies of laryngitis

A

3; infection, LPR, allergies

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19
Q

How many, and what are, the signs and symptoms for laryngitis?

A

6; hoarsness, sore throat, cough, fever, vf edema, erythema

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20
Q

Define Laryengitis

A

Inflammation of the vocal folds

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21
Q

Hemmorage: what is it, and where (specifically, is it?)

A

Bleeding into the superficial lamina propria

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22
Q

Etiologies of vocal fold hemmoraging (how many, and what are they?)

A

2; medications (asprin/Coumadin) blood thinners & misuse/abuse

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23
Q

How many, and what are the signs and symptoms for hemmorage?

A

6; hoarsness, vf edema, vf erythema, decreased vf vibrations, loss of pitch range, varix/varices

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24
Q

what is a varix

A

a blood spot/vessel on the vf

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25
Q

How long does it take for hemmoraging to subside?

A

about 3 weeks

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26
Q

erythema is also….

A

reddness

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27
Q

when the vfs have tons of varices, we say we can see….

A

vascularity

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28
Q

Define the laryngeal web- and WHERE is it generally

A

Web of tissue across larynx, usually anterior

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29
Q

Give the eitigologies for laryngeal web

A

2; congenital, post surgical

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30
Q

give the signs and symptoms for Laryngeal web

A

-usually no problems with voicing or breathing

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31
Q

Is there anything you can do/give for Laryngeal webs?

A

Mitomycin C is a deterrant

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32
Q

True or false: Laryngopharygo reflux can cause granulloma

A

True!

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33
Q

List the congential organic voice disorders - How many are there?

A

5; Laryngomalacia, Subglottal stenosis, Esophageal atresia, Tracheoesophageal fistula, web

34
Q

What is it called when the cartilages fail to stiffen? What does it cause? will it always be permenant?

A

Laryngomalacia (malformation); collapse of the epiglottis into the airway & stridor. May outgrow

35
Q

What can arrested development of the circoid cart. cause?

A

subglottal stenosis = narrow subglottal space.

36
Q

Other than arrested development of the cricoid cart, what else causes subglottal stenosis?

A

intubation trauma

37
Q

what causes esophegeal atresia?

A

occlusion of the esophagus

38
Q

What does openings b/t trachea and esophagus cause

A

Tracheoesophageal fistula

39
Q

What can cause tracheoesophageal fistula?

A

Esophageal pouch, and opennings bt trachea and esophagus

40
Q

The thinning of the ____________ causes Sulcus vocalis

A

Superficial Lamina propria

41
Q

How many, and what are the etiologies of sulcus vocalis?

A

5; Ultimately its unknown BUT: developmental, genetic, post hemmoragic/cyst

42
Q

How many, and what are the signs and symptoms for sulcus vocalis?

A

5; abnormal vf vibration, higher pitch, hoarseness, harsh voice, no voice problems

43
Q

True or false:You see sulcus vocalis in children

A

False!

44
Q

What are the signs (and how many) and symptoms of a contact ulcer

A

5; hoarseness, globus sensation, mild pain when voicing or swallowing, throat clearing, erythema

45
Q

How many, and what are, the eitiolgies of contact ulcers?

A

4; smoking, intubation, misuse/abuse, LPR

46
Q

What is a contact ulcer

A

Raw sores on mucous membrane overlying vocal process of arytenoid

47
Q

A benign growth on the vocal process is called..

A

Granuloma

48
Q

How many, and what are the etiologies for granulomas?

A

2; LPR and Intubation

49
Q

What can cause LPR?

A

Diet (sode, tomatoes, chocolates, citus, spicy foods, high fat diets, caffine, alchohol, dehydration) Lifestyle ( smoking, easting too late, too much at once, exercising too soon, overweight)

50
Q

How many and what are the signs and symptoms for granulomas?

A

7; pedunculated, breathing problems (size dependant), post nasal drip, dry cough, excessive throat clearing, heartburn/indegestion reflux type, globus sensation

51
Q

True or false: LPR has obvious signs

A

False

52
Q

True or false: contact ulcers have only been unilaterally

A

False

53
Q

True or False If voice is worse in the morning, this is a sign that it is NOT related to LPR

A

False, it would be related to LPR

54
Q

True or False: LPR usually occurs at nite

A

True

55
Q

Can you prescribe anything for Contact ulcers?

A

Yes, a proton pump inhibitor is usually perscribed.

56
Q

papilloma is described as: – extra points if you can identify the word in parenthesis

A

HPV wart-like benign growths of the larynx (papillomatosis)

57
Q

What are, and how many, eitologies for papillomatosis

A

3; acquired at birth, unkown, oral sex

58
Q

If papillomatosis occurs because of aquisition at birth, how long does it take to surface?

A

10-12 years

59
Q

What do they do with a case of papilloma?– where is the tricky place of removal?

A

They do lazar surgery to remove them; anterior commissure

60
Q

what are the postules in papilloma?

A

dots in the middle. The warts grow ontop of each other

61
Q

after multiple surgeries to remove papilloma, what happens?

A

voice declines, because of scar tissue that forms

62
Q

How many, and what are, the signs and symptoms for papilloma?

A

7; decreased vocal fold vibration, recurrent scarring, breathing problems, globus sensation, cough/throat clear, rough/scratchy voice, hoarseness

63
Q

True/False: Cysts can be bilateral

A

False

64
Q

cyst in the larygeal cavity is called

A

laryngocele

65
Q

How many, and what are the signs and symptoms of a laryngocele?

A

6; throat clearing, VF edema (swelling), vocal fatigue/strain, increased vocal effort, rough voice, hoarseness

66
Q

Where exactly does a laryngocele form?

A

in the laminae propria under the epithilium

67
Q

How many and what are the eitiologies for cysts?

A

3; entrapment of vf lining (under), plugged mocous-secreting gland, vocal misuse/abuse

68
Q

What does a laryngocele look like?

A

marble; opaque mass originating below vf surface

69
Q

T/F: Laryngoceles are benign

A

True

70
Q

Descrbe a Polyp

A

Soft mass, usually unilateral

71
Q

What causes a polyp: how many eitiolgies

A

1; misuse/abuse

72
Q

How many types of Polyps are there? List them

A

3; fiberous, hemmoragic, pedunculated

73
Q

How many, and what are the signs and symptoms of a polyp?

A

8; throat clearing, vf edema (from the other side), voice variability (esp. if pedunculated), breathing problems (depends on size), vocal fatigue/strain, increased vocal effort, rough voice, hoarsness

74
Q

What are the types of pedunculations when it comes to polyps?

A

Hemmoragic (red-blood) Cessil Fiberous (opaque)

75
Q

How many and what are the signs and symptoms for vocal fold nodules?

A

11;hourglass closure, hearing loss, strong personality,

decreased vf vibration, loss of upper range, vf edema,

voice variability, vocal fatigue/strain, increased vocal effort,

rough voice, hoarseness

76
Q

what are the eitiolgies for vocal fold nodules?

A

misuse/abuse

77
Q

define vocal fold nodules

A

benign masses on medial vf surfaces (Anterior 2/3- Posterior 1/3)

78
Q

Descrbe the life cycle of a vocal fold nodule:

A

starts off soft (hard to detect) increased vibration, bcomes harder(decreased vibration) calloused, causes hourglass closure,

79
Q

How loud do you have to speak to get vocal fold nodules?

A

a fairly consistant 85 db

80
Q

How many Organic disorders are there? List them:

A

14; Cancer, Luekoplakia, Reinke’s edema (polypoid corditis), Laryngitis, Hemmorhage, Web, Congenital (Laryngomalacia/subglottal stenosis, esophageal atresia, and Tracheoesophageal fistula), Sulcus Vocalis, Contact ulcer, Granuloma, Papilloma, Cysts, Polys, Nodules

81
Q

List all the Organic Classifications:

A

Congenital, Misuse/abuse, Disease, Trauma

Voice Disorders (5 decks)

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