Test 1 Flashcards
Give some etiologies for laryngeal trauma
Hit in the neck, weight lifting, foreign bodies
How many, and what are the signs/symptoms for laryngeal cancer?
5, hoarseness, rough voice, pain, strain, difficulty/pain swallowing
What, and how many, etiologies of laryngeal cancer are there?
3, smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, asbestos or chemical exposure
How many, and what are the types of laryngeal cancer- which is the more common, which is the rarest?
3, Glottic (larynx-vocal folds) more common, Supraglottic, and subglottic (rare)
What can cancer be mistaken for? What is a good way to differencially diagnose?
Fungal growth, perscribe an anti-fungal medication
What causes strain in laryngeal cancer?
Glottic vocal fold stiffness
What percent of people with chemical exposure or espestos exposure get larygeal cancer?
Less than 10%
Smokers are ______ times more likely to get cancer if they ___________.
3; drink
What kind of pain do people with laryngeal cancer experience?
Stabbing pain caused by the lack of range of motion
3 part question:
1 Describe Leukoplakia
2 What are they indicators of?
3 What is commonly done with Leukoplakia?
- They are white patches/growths on epithelium
- Cancer - it is precancer
- Refer out for biopsy
What are the etiologies of Leukoplakia? Tell me the percentage of one of them!
Smoking and Chemical exposure (10%)
What are the signs and symptoms and how many are there for Leukoplakia?
3; Hoarseness, less vocal fold vibration, Vocal Fold Edema
Polypoid corditis is……..?
Reinke’s Edema
How do you describe Polypoid Corditis?
Swelling of the entire superficial lamina propria (Reinke’s Layer)
What is the eitiology for Reinke’s Edema?
smoking
How many signs and symptoms are there for Polypoid Corditis? What are they?
4, gravelly voice, low pitch, Vocal Fold edema, impaired breathing
True or False: Polypoid Corditis always decreases vocal fold vibration
False! Sometimes, it increases vibration
List the eitiologies of laryngitis
3; infection, LPR, allergies
How many, and what are, the signs and symptoms for laryngitis?
6; hoarsness, sore throat, cough, fever, vf edema, erythema
Define Laryengitis
Inflammation of the vocal folds
Hemmorage: what is it, and where (specifically, is it?)
Bleeding into the superficial lamina propria
Etiologies of vocal fold hemmoraging (how many, and what are they?)
2; medications (asprin/Coumadin) blood thinners & misuse/abuse
How many, and what are the signs and symptoms for hemmorage?
6; hoarsness, vf edema, vf erythema, decreased vf vibrations, loss of pitch range, varix/varices
what is a varix
a blood spot/vessel on the vf
How long does it take for hemmoraging to subside?
about 3 weeks
erythema is also….
reddness
when the vfs have tons of varices, we say we can see….
vascularity
Define the laryngeal web- and WHERE is it generally
Web of tissue across larynx, usually anterior
Give the eitigologies for laryngeal web
2; congenital, post surgical
give the signs and symptoms for Laryngeal web
-usually no problems with voicing or breathing
Is there anything you can do/give for Laryngeal webs?
Mitomycin C is a deterrant
True or false: Laryngopharygo reflux can cause granulloma
True!
List the congential organic voice disorders - How many are there?
5; Laryngomalacia, Subglottal stenosis, Esophageal atresia, Tracheoesophageal fistula, web
What is it called when the cartilages fail to stiffen? What does it cause? will it always be permenant?
Laryngomalacia (malformation); collapse of the epiglottis into the airway & stridor. May outgrow
What can arrested development of the circoid cart. cause?
subglottal stenosis = narrow subglottal space.
Other than arrested development of the cricoid cart, what else causes subglottal stenosis?
intubation trauma
what causes esophegeal atresia?
occlusion of the esophagus
What does openings b/t trachea and esophagus cause
Tracheoesophageal fistula
What can cause tracheoesophageal fistula?
Esophageal pouch, and opennings bt trachea and esophagus
The thinning of the ____________ causes Sulcus vocalis
Superficial Lamina propria
How many, and what are the etiologies of sulcus vocalis?
5; Ultimately its unknown BUT: developmental, genetic, post hemmoragic/cyst
How many, and what are the signs and symptoms for sulcus vocalis?
5; abnormal vf vibration, higher pitch, hoarseness, harsh voice, no voice problems
True or false:You see sulcus vocalis in children
False!
What are the signs (and how many) and symptoms of a contact ulcer
5; hoarseness, globus sensation, mild pain when voicing or swallowing, throat clearing, erythema
How many, and what are, the eitiolgies of contact ulcers?
4; smoking, intubation, misuse/abuse, LPR
What is a contact ulcer
Raw sores on mucous membrane overlying vocal process of arytenoid
A benign growth on the vocal process is called..
Granuloma
How many, and what are the etiologies for granulomas?
2; LPR and Intubation
What can cause LPR?
Diet (sode, tomatoes, chocolates, citus, spicy foods, high fat diets, caffine, alchohol, dehydration) Lifestyle ( smoking, easting too late, too much at once, exercising too soon, overweight)
How many and what are the signs and symptoms for granulomas?
7; pedunculated, breathing problems (size dependant), post nasal drip, dry cough, excessive throat clearing, heartburn/indegestion reflux type, globus sensation
True or false: LPR has obvious signs
False
True or false: contact ulcers have only been unilaterally
False
True or False If voice is worse in the morning, this is a sign that it is NOT related to LPR
False, it would be related to LPR
True or False: LPR usually occurs at nite
True
Can you prescribe anything for Contact ulcers?
Yes, a proton pump inhibitor is usually perscribed.
papilloma is described as: – extra points if you can identify the word in parenthesis
HPV wart-like benign growths of the larynx (papillomatosis)
What are, and how many, eitologies for papillomatosis
3; acquired at birth, unkown, oral sex
If papillomatosis occurs because of aquisition at birth, how long does it take to surface?
10-12 years
What do they do with a case of papilloma?– where is the tricky place of removal?
They do lazar surgery to remove them; anterior commissure
what are the postules in papilloma?
dots in the middle. The warts grow ontop of each other
after multiple surgeries to remove papilloma, what happens?
voice declines, because of scar tissue that forms
How many, and what are, the signs and symptoms for papilloma?
7; decreased vocal fold vibration, recurrent scarring, breathing problems, globus sensation, cough/throat clear, rough/scratchy voice, hoarseness
True/False: Cysts can be bilateral
False
cyst in the larygeal cavity is called
laryngocele
How many, and what are the signs and symptoms of a laryngocele?
6; throat clearing, VF edema (swelling), vocal fatigue/strain, increased vocal effort, rough voice, hoarseness
Where exactly does a laryngocele form?
in the laminae propria under the epithilium
How many and what are the eitiologies for cysts?
3; entrapment of vf lining (under), plugged mocous-secreting gland, vocal misuse/abuse
What does a laryngocele look like?
marble; opaque mass originating below vf surface
T/F: Laryngoceles are benign
True
Descrbe a Polyp
Soft mass, usually unilateral
What causes a polyp: how many eitiolgies
1; misuse/abuse
How many types of Polyps are there? List them
3; fiberous, hemmoragic, pedunculated
How many, and what are the signs and symptoms of a polyp?
8; throat clearing, vf edema (from the other side), voice variability (esp. if pedunculated), breathing problems (depends on size), vocal fatigue/strain, increased vocal effort, rough voice, hoarsness
What are the types of pedunculations when it comes to polyps?
Hemmoragic (red-blood) Cessil Fiberous (opaque)
How many and what are the signs and symptoms for vocal fold nodules?
11;hourglass closure, hearing loss, strong personality,
decreased vf vibration, loss of upper range, vf edema,
voice variability, vocal fatigue/strain, increased vocal effort,
rough voice, hoarseness
what are the eitiolgies for vocal fold nodules?
misuse/abuse
define vocal fold nodules
benign masses on medial vf surfaces (Anterior 2/3- Posterior 1/3)
Descrbe the life cycle of a vocal fold nodule:
starts off soft (hard to detect) increased vibration, bcomes harder(decreased vibration) calloused, causes hourglass closure,
How loud do you have to speak to get vocal fold nodules?
a fairly consistant 85 db
How many Organic disorders are there? List them:
14; Cancer, Luekoplakia, Reinke’s edema (polypoid corditis), Laryngitis, Hemmorhage, Web, Congenital (Laryngomalacia/subglottal stenosis, esophageal atresia, and Tracheoesophageal fistula), Sulcus Vocalis, Contact ulcer, Granuloma, Papilloma, Cysts, Polys, Nodules
List all the Organic Classifications:
Congenital, Misuse/abuse, Disease, Trauma
