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Embalming II > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Fluids that are mixed with water inside the reservoir of the machine are

A

Vascular/Arterial Fluids

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2
Q

Vascular/ Arterial are classified by

A

Index (the number of grams of formaldehyde gas dissolved in 100ML of water)

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3
Q

The index of fluid that causes rapid tissue coagulation, a definite degree of firmness and is used most often on “special” cases (decomposition, edema, outgoing etc.)

A

Strong 28-36 index

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4
Q

The index of the fluid that is sometimes referred to as semi-firming or cosmetic fluid, that results in a moderate firming of tissues is

A

Medium 19-27 index

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5
Q

The index of the fluid that produces a minimum firming of tissue is

A

Weak 1-10 index

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6
Q

Chemicals which inactivate saprophaytic bacteria, rendered unsuitable for nutrition the media upon which bacteria thrive, and which will arrest decomposition by altering enzymes of the body tissue to form a less susceptible to decomposition are known as

A

Preservatives

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7
Q

The two examples of preservatives include

A

Aldehydes and Glutaraldehyde

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8
Q

The aldehyde example that is a colorless gas, has an irritating and unpleasant odor, is freely soluble in water, combines with tissue protein, is a monoaldehyde and also a dehydrating chemical is

A

Formaldehyde (produced by the partial oxidation of methyl alcohol)

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9
Q

The Aldehyde that is also classified as a dialdehyde and reacts with protein over a wide pH range is

A

Glutaraldehyde

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10
Q

The group with the general formula R-OH with name ending in –OL is

A

Alcohols

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11
Q

The alcohol that is used commercially or manufacteurally to produce formaldehyde, used as an anti- polymerizing (continuous chains of polymers) agent is

A

Methyl Alcohol (methanol or wood alcohol)

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12
Q

Obtained by the distillation of coal tar, used to prevent leakage is

A

Phenol

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13
Q

Chemicals added for the purpose of destroying disease causing microorganisms are known as

A

Supplementary Germicides

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14
Q

Two examples of supplementary germicides are

A

Glutaraldehyde and Quaternary ammonium compounds

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15
Q

Agents that are usually used for disinfection of the skin, instruments, oral and nasal cavities are known as

A

Quaternary Ammonium compounds

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16
Q

Two examples of Quaternary Ammonium compounds include

A

Benzalkonium chloride and Zephrian choldride

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17
Q

Chemicals which retards the tendency of blood to become more viscous by natural posts mortem processed or prevent adverse reactions between blood or the embalming chemical
• Also known as water conditioners or water softeners
• These chemicals keep blood in a liquid state

A

Anticoagulants

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18
Q

The two examples of anticoagulants include

A

Sodium Citrate and Sodium Salt of EDTA

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19
Q

The substance that presents itself in greater quantity that acts as the solvent, liquids that serve as a solvent for the numerous ingredients that are incorporates in to embalming fluids, they must serve as the carriers of the components found in the arterial solution are called

A

Vehicles

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20
Q

Two examples of vehicles are

A

Water and Alcohol (tinksher solution)

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21
Q

Chemicals having the capability of displacing an unpleasant odor of altering an unpleasant odor so that it is converted to a more pleasant one are

A

Perfuming Agents, Deodorants or masking agents

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22
Q

The four examples of perfuming agents, deodorants or masking agents include

A

Methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen)
Benzaldehyde (oil of almonds)
Oil of sassafras
Oil of cloves

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23
Q

Do perfuming agents eliminate the effect formaldehyde has on the operator

A

No

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24
Q

Substances which will, upon being dissolved, impart a definite color to the embalming solution and/or body tissues are known as

A

Dyes/ coloring agents

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25
Q

The type of dye that will impart a color to the body tissue are known as

A

Active cosmetic dyes

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26
Q

The type of dye that will stain the concentrated arterial fluid are known as

A

Inactive non-cosmetic dyes

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27
Q

The three examples of dyes include

A

Eosin
Ponceau red
Erythrosine

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28
Q

A chemical that reduces the molecular cohesion of a liquid so it can flow through smaller apertures , used in promoting fluid diffusion, chemicals seen in dishwashing detergents that prevent spots on glasses, also called- surface tension reducers, wetting agents, surface active agents are known as

A

Surfactants

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29
Q

The two examples of surfactants include

A

Sulfonate and Sodium lauryl sulfate

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30
Q

Chemicals added to the embalming solution to deal with varying demands based upon the type of embalming, the environment, and the embalming fluid to be used as well as chemicals which control the rate and extent of the embalming operation are

A

Modifying agents

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31
Q

Two modifying agents used in embalming fluids are

A

Humectants and Buffers

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32
Q

Also called “moisture retainers” a chemical that increases the ability of embalmed tissue to retain moisture (chemical that helps to control dehydration) are

A

Humectants

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33
Q

Four examples of humectants include

A

Glycerol
Sorbitol
Lanolin’s (emollients) skin moisturizers
Glycols (antifreeze)

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34
Q

The chemical that will affect the acid- base balance (pH) within embalming solutions and in the embalmed tissue are

A

Buffers

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35
Q

The four examples of buffers include

A

Borax
Citrates
Sodium salt of edta
Sodium phosphates

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36
Q

Formulated to produce maximum disinfection and preservation with a minimum amount of fluid are known as

A

Cavity fluids

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37
Q

The four elements included in the composition of cavity fluids include

A

Preservatives
Germicides
Vehicle
Perfuming Agents

38
Q

Fluid injected primarily to prepare the vascular system and body tissues for the injection of the preservative vascular solution and will also keep the blood in a liquid state are known as

A

Pre-injection Fluids

39
Q

The six components of pre- injection fluids include

A

Anticoagulants: loosens up any blood clots present
Surfactants
Humectants: helps to replenish moisture
Vehicle: diluted with water inside the reservoir
Water condition agents: water is softer
No concentration of preservative: use to flush the vascular system

40
Q

The pre-injection fluid used primarily to supplement and enhance the action of the vascular system is known as a

A

Co-injection fluid

41
Q

A special vascular fluid with special bleaching and coloring qualities for use on bodies with liver failure; usually with a low formaldehyde content are known as

A

Jaundice fluids

42
Q

The three components of jaundice fluid include

A

Bleaching agents
High concentration of cosmetic dyes
Low formaldehyde content

43
Q

A chemical in powder form that has the ability to absorb and as has a limited amount of disinfection ability, used to prevent leakage of bodily fluids are known as

A

Hardening Compounds

44
Q

The four components of hardening compounds include

A

Plasters of Paris
Paraformaldehyde
Wood powder
Alum

45
Q

The dehydrating compound found in hardening compounds is

A

Plaster of Paris

46
Q

The disinfectant, white powdery substance, primary component of preservative powders found in hardening compounds is

A

Paraformaldehyde

47
Q

The dehydrating agent, brown in color (sawdust) found in hardening compounds is

A

Wood powder

48
Q

The dehydrating agent, white in color, found in deodorants such hardening compound is

A

Alum

49
Q

A chemical in powder form; typically used for surface embalming of remains, will help to control maggots and vermin, usually has a high concentration paraformaldehyde doesn’t have the absorbent and drying qualities are known as

A

Preservative powders

50
Q

Any substance that imperials/ hinders health or life when absorbed into the body is a

A

Poison

51
Q

A poisonous substances produced by high plants, animals, or bacteria that is toxic or poisonous to humans is a

A

Toxin

52
Q

The toxin that produces a poisonous substance released outside of the body is known as a

A

Exotoxin

53
Q

The toxin that produces a poisonous substance only released from within the cell when the organism producing it is destroyed is a

A

Endotoxin

54
Q

Cholera, staph “ptomaine” food poisoning, tetanus, diphtheria, botulism are examples of

A

Exotoxins

55
Q

Meningitis is an example of a

A

Endotoxin

56
Q

“ Lethal dose 50%” the amount of a poison or radiation that will kill 50% of the group to which it’s been given is known as

A

LD-50

57
Q

“Minimum lethal dose” the smallest dose of a poison or radiation on record that causes death is known as

A

MLD

58
Q

Used to remove fingernail polish, as a solvent (removing fingerprint ink, removing fingerprints from wax) is

A

Acetone

59
Q

Used commercially to manufacture formaldehyde and as an anti-polymerizing agent to stop it from converting itself to its solid form is

A

Methanol (wood ALCOHOL)

60
Q

Vehicle in cavity fluids, only alcohol fit for human consumption is

A

Ethanol (grain ALCOHOL)

61
Q

Chemicals which have the presence of at least one atom of a halogen (salt former) “carbon tetrachloride” used as a solvent are

A

Alkyl halides

62
Q

Also called red-dye #2

A

Amaranth

63
Q

The white crystal solid that is used as an herbicide (hardening compound and preservative powder) is

A

Amitrole

64
Q

Has a unique odor, active ingredient in disinfectants, used to neutralize formaldehyde and cavity fluid spills is

A

Ammonia

65
Q

Also found in “Lysol” kills bacteria and disinfects is

A

Cresol

66
Q

The light brown powder used as a fungicide often added to preservative powders (kills and prevents mold growth) is

A

Dichlorophene

67
Q

The colorless liquid used as a solvent is

A

Diethanol amine and Toluene

68
Q

The colorless oily liquid used as a solvent is

A

Diethyl formamide

69
Q

The clear liquid that has a fruit like odor sometimes used as a perfuming agent is

A

Ethyl acetate

70
Q

Can be used ethier as an anticoagulant or a buffer

A

EDTA (sodium salts)

71
Q

Identified by index (highest is 36) 37% by weight 40% by volume original form is a gas, is soluble in water creates an aqueous solution, major preservative used in embalming and is a known carcinogen

A

Formaldehyde

72
Q

A colorless liquid that’s used as a solvent has a pH below 7, (found in fire ant bites and bee strings) is

A

Formic acid

73
Q

One of the two supplementary germicides, better used as a disinfectant than a preservative is

A

Glutaraldehyde

74
Q

Used as humectants/ moisture retainers in embalming fluids for dehydrated or emaciated cases also called “dyhydroxy alcohols” are

A

Glycols

75
Q

“Bleaches such as Clorox” 1:10/ 10% bleach solution, used to scrub prep room floors, not to be used undiluted cavity fluid spill are

A

Hypochlorites

76
Q

Substance used as a propellant in aerosol spray products is

A

Isobutane

77
Q

A colorless liquid similar to acetone used as a solvent is

A

Methyl ethyl ketone

78
Q

“Turpentine/ paint thinner” used to clean cosmetic brushes in between uses is

A

Mineral spirits

79
Q

Common name for “tissue builder”, used to replace moisture and or tissue lost is

A

Nitrocellulose

80
Q

The colorless liquid used as an insecticide, sometimes added in preservative powders is

A

Orthodicholorbenzene

81
Q

The colorless solid that is used as a stripping agent (pH below 7, corrosive to metal) (nail polish remover) is

A

Oxalic acid

82
Q

A mold preventative agent, used in moth balls is

A

Paradichlorobenzene

83
Q

The white solid form of formaldehyde, major preservative used in preservative powders is

A

Paraformaldehyde

84
Q

Used as a cauterizer (prevent leakage) and bleaching agent (never to be applied topically/ but injected under the skin) is

A

Phenol/ phenolic compound

85
Q

The primary dehydrating agent of hardening compounds, most kept in solid granular form, used to make cast to set bone is

A

Plaster of Paris

86
Q

Used primarily for heating or powering gas grills or generators is

A

Propane

87
Q

Finishing powder (white/ flesh color) applied with a brush to remove the shine of cosmetics is

A

Quartz/ Talc

88
Q

The supplementary germicides (benezolconium chloride or zephren chloride) are known as

A

Quaternary ammonia compounds

89
Q

Materials used to provide a barrier or seal against any type of leakage of fluid or blood are called

A

Sealing Agents

90
Q

The four different types of sealing agents are

A

Powder
Spray
Liquids
Putty

91
Q

Comes in either in a liquid or gel form, used to dry and harden lesions, excisions and cavities “posting gel/ sin gel” are known as

A

Surface Applications

92
Q

A fluid used primarily to supplement and enhance the action of the vascular (arterial) solution is known as a

A

Co-injection fluid

Embalming II (2 decks)

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