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test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Temple C, Selinus

A

year: 6th c.
location: sicily
material: limestone
features: metope - perseus and medusa head
significance:

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2
Q

statue of the nude youth

A

year: 5th c.
location: argigento, sicily
material: marble
features:
- contraposto (naturalistic pose, transition to classical art)
- proportions (pythagorean ideals, mathematical beauty in art)
- idealized form (greek pursuit of perfection and divinity)

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3
Q

magna graecia

A

greek cities in southern italy and sicily, independent cities

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4
Q

greek temple components

A

naos - main chamber, held statue
pronaos - front porch, altar for sacrifice
opisthodomos - back porch

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5
Q

temple of Hera or Apollo
(3 key aspects)

A

year: 5th c.
location: pasteum
material:
significance:
- dedication to hera (marriage, women, childbirth)
- architectural innovation (doric columns, inspo for later columns)
- cultural and religious significance (worship, sacrifice, offerings, hosted heras games - fem only)

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6
Q

tomb of the diver
- banqueters

A

year: 5th c. BCE
location: pasteum
material: fresco
features:
- depiction of social and cultural life
- continuity of social bonds
- common funerary motif
- artisic detail - characters shown in 3/4 view rather than archaic frontal

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7
Q

tomb of the diver
- youth diving

A

year: 5th c. BCE
location: pasteum
material: fresco
features:
- symbolism of afterlife
- rare artistic depiction
- philosophical implpications
- artistic mastery - colour to show depth and reality

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8
Q

who were the etruscans and where were they located?

A

central italy - between arno and tiber rivers
collection of independent city-states (Veii, Tarquinia, cerveteri)

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9
Q

what was the villanovan civilization and when did it emerge?

A

-the early stage of the etruscan culture
-700 BCE

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10
Q

3 unique villanovan practices

A

burial practices - ashes in biconical urns, covered with helmet or bowl
tech advancement - transition from bronze (1300-900 BCE) to iron age (900-700 BCE)
cultural and trade connections - interact with mediterranean people (greeks and phoenicians)

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11
Q

ages:

A

stone:
bronze:
iron:

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12
Q

crested helmet

A

year: 800-750 BCE
location: tarquinia
material: bronze
features:
military design - man
culture
interregional exchange
covered an urn

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13
Q

hut urn

A

year: 8th c. BCE
location: vulci
material: impasto (clay)
features:
represent houses of the time
funerary symbolism - afterlife
craftsmanship - cross beams, windows

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14
Q

statue of a centaur

A

year: 6th c. BCE
location: vulci
material: nenfro
features:
- hybrid motif - combine greek and etruscan stories
- cross cultural significance
- material and monumentality - among earliest large scale sculpture

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15
Q

sarcophogus with reclining couple

A

year: 6th c. BCE
location: cerveteri
material: painted terracotta
features:
- etruscan, greeks would portray women as lesser
- joy and happiness after death
- moving away from greek archaic smile, shows emotion

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16
Q

sarcophogus lide with portraits of ramtha and arnth

A

year: 4th c. BCE
location: vulci
material: nenfro (volcanic stone)
features:
- nenfro - common in etruria
-intamacy - eternal affection
-inscription - they were equal in importance after death

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16
Q

benditaccia necropolis

A

sarcophogus with the reclining couple
tomb of reliefs
- tumulus tombs
- etruscan home design
- cultural insights
- 7-2 c BCE

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16
Q

etruscan tombs:
- structure
- decoration
- symbolism
- artistic style

A

structure: subterranean chambers, resembling rooms of the living
decoration: carved features in cerveteri, myth or life murals tarquinia
symbolism: regeneration, afterlife, celebration
artistic style: vivid colours, exagerated gestures, mix of greek and etruscan

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17
Q

tomb of the reliefs

A

year: 4-3rd c. BCE
location:banditaccia necropolis cerveteri
material: painted walls, carved features
features:

17
Q

tomb of the shields and chairs

A

year: 6th c. BCE
location: banditaccia necropolis cerveteri
material: carved terracotta
features: belonged to elite warrior

18
Q

tomb of the leopards

A

year: 5th c BCE
location: tarquinia
material:
features:
- bright colours
- exaggerated expressions
- joy and pleasure
- feast

19
Q

model of typical etruscan temple

A

year: 6th c BCE
location:
material: wood
features:
- ratio 6:5 length:width
- designed to only be seen from the front
- terracotta statues - narrative, above ridgepoles - gods or myth scene
- high podium
- drawn by vitruvius

20
Q

etruscan temple elements

A

material: wooden columns and mud brick
high podium
ratio 6:5
distinct front
columns similar to doric but NOT fluted (no stripes)
terracotta statues
stairs only at front

21
Q

cinerary urn statue of mother and child

A

year: 5th c BCE
location: chiusi
material: limestone
features: urn

21
chiusine cinerary urns (3 significant aspects)
usually metal stone or ceramic - art and function - shaped like human figures - culture and symbols - etruscan with classical greek influence - beliefs and traditions - views on death
22
lid of cinerary urn banqueting man and vanth
year: 5th c BCE location: chiusi material: limestone features: greek influence
23
statue of a warrior wearing a cuirass
year: 5-4th c BCE location: todi material: bronze features: - example of etruscan bronze craftsmanship - blend of culture and art - greek classical styles - symbols of greek myths, stories, religious dedications - was used as a religious offering, used for ceremonies
24
statue of the wounded chimera
year: 4th c BCE location: arezzo material: bronze features: - greek mythological creature - exaggerated in etruscan style
25
summary: greeks in italy - when, where, styles
- ischia in 8th c BCE - southern italy/sicily - magna graecia, 7th c BCE onward - doric stone temples - classical style of sculpture and painting
26
summary: etruscans - when, where, style
- 700 BCE - central and northern italy - etruscan king ruled rome 6th c BCE - mudbrick temples - terracotta roof statues - multichamber underground tombs - tomb mural paintings and sculpted sarcophagi
27
romulus and remus in roman history
founders of rome she-wolf nurtured the twins resilience and unity of rome
28
capitoline wolf
year: 5th c BCE location: rome material: bronze features: - detailed expression on wolf - twins added in renaissance to strengthen the myth connection - resilience of rome
29
roman timeline
monarchy (753-509 BCE) - starts with romulus, ends with king tarquinius superbus republic (509-27 BCE) - elected leaders through senate empire (27 BCE - 476 CE) - start w/ augustus, divided into western and eastern empires
30
roman monarchy: - numa pompillius - tullus hostillus - ancus marcius - tarquin the elder - servius tulius - tarquin superbus
- numa pompillius - wisdom - tullus hostillus - military - ancus marcius - construction - tarquin the elder - alliance - servius tulius - organization of rome - tarquin superbus - tyranny, stole throne, revolt against him 509 BCE
31
roman republic start gov't social struggles expansion decline end key ideas
start - 509 BCE gov't - 2 consuls, senate, assemblies, curses honurum (career ladder) social struggles - power conflict b/ween patricians and plebeians - conflict of the orders expansion - grew into mediterranean superpower, punic wars decline - civil wars, julius ceasar end - 27 BCE with octavian (augustus) as emperor key ideas - law, governance, military expansion
32
senate: advisory role membership power function
advisory role - advised consuls, made important decisions (policy, military, foreign affairs) membership - made of wealthy elites, appointed for life power - big influence in republic, lost power during empire function - republic: managed finance, lawmaking, diplomacy. empire: ceremonial
33
temple of hercules
year: 100 BCE location: Cori material: features: - hybrid etrusco-greek design - etruscan shrine layout, greek doric features - local magistrate involvement - bottom of columns not flutes
34
temple of portunus
year: 75 BCE location: Rome material: local stone features: - god of the harbours - combines Etruscan plan with Ionic columns and frieze - stucco to replicate greek marble - pseudoperipteral - ionic half columns attached to cella - distictive of roman republic
35
temple of vesta or hercules victor
year: 2nd c BCE location: Rome material: greek marble features: - victory temple - built upon return from war in honour of the god - lucius mummlus - destroyed corinth, revolt in greece 146 BCE - purely greek temple in Rome
35
temple of vesta
year: 1st c BCE location: tivoli material: concrete features: - corinthian columns - tholoi - marble temple on tiber - motifs in frieze - garlands held by oxen skulls - ritual sacrifice - concrete - narrow staircase at front - opus incertem
35
2 architectural construction methods
post and lintel - horizontal beam on vertical supports; greek, roman and etruscan; ex. pantheon arcuated - arches, made from trapezoidal stones; allows for larger open spaces, supports greater weight; ex. roman aqueducts, colosseum
36
arch vs barrel vault
arch - greece, mesopotamia - etruscans and romans mostly used just for gateways barrel vault - continuous extension of arch - romans further evolved it using concrete
36
sanctuary of hercules
year: 50 BCE location: tivoli material: concrete features: - most grandiose Republican building - theatre temple design - mixing religion and function - barrel vault shopping centre underground - opus incertum + concrete - strong platform
37
greek vs roman terraced sanctuaries
greek - natural slopes, working with the land - cut stone - spiritual harmony - religious worship and pilgrimage roman - artificial terraces - concrete - larger, more complex - domination of nature - vaulted everything - emphasis on power - religious and political function
38
sanctuary of fortuna
year: 2nd c. BCE location: palestrina material: concrete features: - goddess of good fortune - circular temple (tholos) above the theatre - inspo from greek while incl roman aspects - vaults - triumph of roman engineering, power during roman reign
39
review: who founded rome where?
romulus founded rome on palatine hill
40
a temple was built on capitoline hill to honour which gods? who was king at the time?
jupiter, juno, minerva built by etruscan king

grst 327 (2 decks)

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