Test 1 Flashcards
who was archduke Franz Ferdinand
he was the heir to the AH throne
what was the significance of franz Ferdinand to ww1
his assassination lead to escalation of a regional Baltic war into a global war
who is paul von hindenburg and erich ludendorff
military leaders who controlled germanys entire war efforts on the eastern front (famous for winning battle of tannenburg)
who was paul von lettow-vorbeck
a german general leading forces in east africa and is famous for using guerilla warfare. he was heavily outnumbered in most attacks
who was Conrad von Hotzendorf
- the chief of general staff for AH
- his multiple military failings that led to AH decline
- wanted to show AH could be a world power
who was mustafa memal (ataturk)
- ottoman military officer
- best known for Gallipoli campaign
- founded modern day turkey after the war
who was luigi cardona
1.italian chief of staff for early years of ww1
2. known for costly strategies in Isonzo offensives
3. was replaced around 1917
what was the L’Union Sacree in france
- political truce in france to put aside differences and focus on war
- symbolized national unity in the face of external threat
what was the burgfrieden in germay
- a political truce between all political parties (including socialists) to fight the enemy
- at beginning of war german politics united to prevent invasion from russia
what was the battle of tannenberg
- germany (led by hindenburg and ludendorff) defeated the russian second army
- allowed german morale to increase and to focus resources to west an entire army was destroyed
what was the first battle of the Marne
- French and GB armies stopped G advances to paris
- prevented germans from executing schlieffen plan
- “miracle” saved france from early defeat
what was the battle of the falkland islands
- fighting between GB and G
- GB won and reaffirmed british naval superiority
- took down general spee who was causing problems in south east asia (attacking radio stations)
what were the 21 demand
- demands put on china from japan
- wanted to control chinese territory and resources
- japan wanted to become dominant power in asia
what was the gallipoli campaign
- allied forces tried to capture gallipoli peninsula in Ottoman empire
- costly for allies and allowed the rise of ataturk
- solidified ottomans in the war
what was ANZAC
- Australian and New Zealand Army Corps
- tasked with taking the gallipoli peninsula to open a sea route to russia
- suffered heavy losses
what was the Tarnow-Gorlice offensive
- G and AH offensive against russia forces in the east
- wanted to push russians out of galicia
- won the battle and forced russian retreat (shifted momentum in eastern front)
what were the VADs
- voluntary aid detachments
- civilians who provided medical assistance (mostly women)
- changed the societal views on womans roles
what was the battle of Verdun
- longest/bloodiest battles between F and G
- G wanted to “bleed france white” by attacking fortress city
- turned into war of attrition with over 700k killed
what was the Brusilov offensive
- major russian attack in east lead by general brusilov
- AH ceased to be independent military after high casualties (under G supervision)
- forced G to divert resources from west to east to assist AH
what was the Battle of the Somme
- fought between GB and F vs G
- GB/F wanted to break through G lines
- 1st day was deadliest in GB history (GB public thought it was “senseless killing”)
- debut tank as weapon
what was the significance of poison gas
- first used by G in 2nd Ypres battle
- signifies the brutal nature of trench warfare
- caused immense fear and suffering
what were storm troops
- specialized german infantry
- supposed to break through trench warfare
- equipped with light weapons and were small groups (had rapid success but was too late in war)
why did most volunteer nurses come from the middle class
- had the financial means and time to participate
- nursing requires certain level of literacy
- helped challenge traditional gender roles
why did most british volunteers joining Womens Land Army come from middle class
- had the financial stability to join
- could do land work without directly entering workforce to keep social respect
- middle-class women could take roles that were meaningful and aligned with social values of the time
what were dreadnought battleships
- revolutionary class of new battleships by GB
- became symbol of naval supremacy
- influenced militarization leading up to WW1
what was the battle of jutland
- largest naval battle of WW1 (GB v G)
- GB wanted to implement blockade on G
- nobody won decisively but GB continued its blockade which lead to G defeat
what was the significance of Germans unrestricted submarine warfare
- G subs attakced merchant and passenger ships along with military without warning
- wanted to cripple allied supply lines
- lead to the US entering the war after Lusitania was sunk
