test 1 Flashcards
how would you define classical conditioning?
the process where a neutral stimulus is paired with a response until it elicits that response
what is NOT one of the 3 parts of a psychological disorder?
biological predisposition
biological part of the biopsychosocial-spiritual model
physical, medical environment
psychological part of the biopsychosocial-spiritual model
emotions, behavior, psychological disorders, learning abilities
What term did Skinner coin to describe the type of learning in which behavior changes as a function of what follows the behavior?
operant conditioning
spiritual part of the biopsychosocial-spiritual model
philosophy and meaning of life, purpose or belonging
social part of the biopsychosocial-spiritual model
family, friends, culture
Match the following system with its primary functions: autonomic nervous system
regulates the cardiovascular and endocrine system
Match the following system with its primary functions: CNS
send messages to and from the brain
Match the following system with its primary functions: PNS
coordinates brain stem for the body’s proper functioning
Match the following system with its primary functions: sympathetic division
fight or flight
Match the following system with its primary functions: parasympathetic division
balances sympathetic and normalizes arousal
Match the following system with its primary functions: somatic nervous system
controls muscles and voluntary movement
Learned helplessness is best described as:
When an individual believes that a solution is beyond reach, whether or not it is actually attainable
Historically, what did most societies attribute the cause of mental health issues to?
Supernatural forces and divine intervention, believing mental illness was a result of curses, possession, or displeasure of gods
Match the following term of assessment with the correct definition: reliability
measurement consistency; ensures agreement among different raters on conclusion
Match the following term of assessment with the correct definition: validity
measures what it is designed to- measuring what we want to measure
Match the following term of assessment with the correct definition: standardization
established norms for consistent use- ensures patients get what they need for the best evaluation
Who is considered the founding father of modern psychology? Particularly because of his development of the psychoanalytic model.
Freud
What is the primary distinction between assessment and diagnosis?
Assessment focuses on gathering information and data, while diagnosis involves forming a conclusion or identifying a specific condition
Match the following term with the correct definitions: hypothesis
what you expect to find
Match the following term with the correct definitions: independent variable
variable that you measure that will be used to predict the outcome
Match the following term with the correct definitions: dependent variable
the outcome or response that is measured or observed in an experiment
Match the following term with the correct definitions: variable
category or object you are trying to measure
In an experiment to investigate the impact of different study durations on exam performance, which of the following correctly identifies the independent and dependent variables?
Independent Variable: Study Duration; Dependent Variable: Exam Performance
This year was a landmark year in the classification of mental health disorders and how we diagnose today
1980
We are currently on what version of the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)?
DSM-5-TR
What does the term “comorbidity” mean?
The co-occurrence of two or more medical conditions or disorders in a single individual.
Which of the following best describes Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?
A mental disorder characterized by excessive and uncontrollable fear and anxiety about various aspects of life, often without a specific cause.
Determine if the following statement is true or false: Men are twice as likely to be diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder as compared to women
False
In general, what is the best treatment for most mental health disorders?
Medication and therapy
Which of the following best defines the terms “obsessions” and “compulsions” in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?
Obsessions are intrusive and unwanted thoughts or urges, while compulsions are repetitive behaviors performed to reduce anxiety.
Which of the following is NOT one of the criteria that appears in the criteria for almost all disorders in the DSM?
Age of onset
The biggest contribution of the DSM is that it created a standardized approach to diagnosis
true
A clinical interview only gathers information and history about the psychological problem
false
what is characteristic of BDD?
Preoccupation w/ one or more defects or flaws in physical appearance that are not observable or appear slight to others
how much of the population is affected by body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)?
~2.3-7% (women have higher diagnosis rates)
is PTSD a lifetime disorder?
no
which population of people are most likely to develop PTSD?
Job occupations w/ High trauma exposure
dissociative disorders
feelings of detachment, “floating” or “dreaming”. often caused by extreme stress or trauma
somatic symptoms
preoccupied with their health or appearance, disorder seems physical at first, excessive or maladaptive response to physical symptoms or associated health concerns
mood depressive disorder
the presence of sad, empty, or irritable mood, accompanied by somatic and cognitive changes that significantly affect the individual’s capacity to function
true or false: females experience a higher rate of mood depressive disorder than males beginning in early adolescence
true
unipolar disorder
mood remains at one end of the depression-mania continuum
depressive mood
low mood, sadness, emptiness, lack of interest
bipolar disorders
mood fluctuates between the 2 extremes of the depression-mania continuum; It is a mental illness that brings severe high and low moods and changes aspects of sleep, energy, thinking, and behavior
manic mood
extreme pleasure, joy, elation, euphoria
manic episode
distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased activity or energy lasting at least 1 week, and present most of the day, nearly every day
Necessitates hospitalization
Symptoms impact work, socializing and relationships
are mania and hypomania medical emergencies?
yes
hypomanic episode
Mood disturbance is observable to others
Episode isn’t severe enough to necessitate hospitalization
Episodes aren’t attributable to the effects of a substance
Never displays psychotic features
Behaviors don’t impair work, socialization, relationships
