test 1 Flashcards
functions of the MOU
low-to intermediate-risk antenatal care
* basic emergency obstetric care signal functions: magnesium sulphate, intravenous antibiotics, oxytocics,
vacuum delivery, removal of retained placenta, manual vacuum aspiration, neonatal resuscitation
* 24-hour labour and delivery service for low risk women
* comprehensive contraceptive care
* referral of problems to hospital
* management of emergencies
functions of the district hospital
antenatal care for high-risk women
* antenatal ultrasound service
* treatment of pregnancy problems, including admission to hospital
* comprehensive emergency obstetric care signal functions: magnesium sulphate, intravenous antibiotics,
oxytocics, vacuum delivery, removal of retained placenta, manual vacuum aspiration, neonatal resuscitation,
caesarean delivery and blood transfusion
* 24-hour labour and delivery service including caesarean delivery
* regional and general anaesthesia
* essential special investigations
* postnatal care and postoperative care
* contraceptive services including postpartum and elective tubal ligation * referral centre for clinics and community health centres in the district
* supervision of clinics and community health centres in the district
* referral of complicated problems to regional or tertiary hospitals
* counselling and support services
* genetic screening and counselling services
layers of the uterus
Endometrium
myometrium
perimetrium
the four types of pelvises
gynaecoid
android
anthropoid
platypelloid
flexion
the head is completely fixed so that the chin of the fetus is in contact with the chest
extension
the head is completely extended so that the occiput is in contact with the fetal back
deflexion
neither flexion or extension. the fetal head is straight
Regulation no 2488 26 october 1990
-equipment and materials
-records
-breestfeeding
-the antenatal period (advise patient to be examined by a medical practitioner, blood test atleast once during pregnancy, assessment of pelvis, antenatal exercises to prep for labour).
-labour
skenes ducts
secrete mucus and are often infected in cases of gonorrhoea.
functions of the vagina
it is the excretory duct for menstruation
it is the organ that receives the penis during intercourse
it is the birth canal
phases of the menstrual cycle
the follicular proliferation
ovulation
the luteal secretory phase
menstruation or pregnancy
zygote
the term used to describe the developing ovum from fertilisation- till the end of the third week
embryo
4th week-8th week
fetus
9th week till term
functions of the amniotic fluid
- acts as a buffer system between the fetus and the uterus to permit symmetrical growth
-equalises pressure to prevent the amnion from adhering to the embryo
-cushions the fetus from impacts to the maternal abdoment
-maintains the fetus at a constant temperature
-the fluid allows the fetus to move freely for the development of muscles
-protects the fetus from infection
what happens after fertilisation
fertilised egg is a zygote after mitotic divisions it becomes a blastomere, which then becomes a morula, the cell is now known as a blastocyst. the inner cell mass will be the placenta and the actual cell the fetus
functions of the placenta
barrier
nutrition
respiration
excretion
endocrine
enzyme function
what are the names of the fontanelles
anterior-bregma
posterior-lambda
Primigravida
A woman who is pregnant for the first time
amenorrhoea
absence of menstrual periods
viability
is 24 weeks or a weight of 500g, it is the ability of the fetus to sustain life outside of the uterus.
gestation
period of pregnancy
pica
the craving of eating unusual substances such as mud
antenatal
period of care for pregnant women starting from their diagnosis up untill labour
mitosis
cell division in somatic cells
fetus
term used to describe the fertilised ovum from the 9th week till term (40 weeks)
stria gravidarum
the stretch marks occuring on the mothers skin in pregnancy
chloasma
brown pigmentation of the skin in the face during pregnancy and in some woman who are taking oral contraceptives.
chadwicks sign
a dark purplish discolouration of the mucous membranes and the cervix, vagina and vulva, which is caused by an increased blood volume which causes congestion of these tissues. The vagina is warm, blue and soft.
linea nigra
a brown pigmented line on the skin of the abdominal wall of the mother, which runs from the umbilicus to the symphysis pubis and which only occurs during pregnancy
quickening
the movements of the fetus in utero which are felt by the mother
colostrum
a yellow secretion from the breasts during pregnancy and prior to lactation
trimester
the 9 month gestational period which is divided into 3 trimesters of 3 months each
Apgar score
A numeric description of the condition of the newborn, designed for rapid assessment at birth.
Cephalo haematoma
a swelling on the head of the newborn caused by bleeding under the periosteum of the skull, usually the parietal bones
decidua
the lining of the uterus during pregnancy
layers of the embro
mesoderm
ectoderm
endoderm
delivery
the birth of the baby, placenta and membranes
engagement of the fetal head
when the largest part of the presenting part of the fetal head have passed through the pelvic brim or inlet
gestational age
the age of the embryo or fetus
grande multipara
a women who has had five or more viable babies
gravida
a pregnant woman
hegars sign
a method to detect early pregnancy and to determine the gestational age of the fetus
Hydrocephaly
a condition in which excessive cerebrospinal fluid in the brain leads to rapid head growth
Hyperemesis gravidarum
excessive vomiting during the first trimester of pregnancy
implantation
attachment of the fertilised ovum to the uterine wall in a normal pregnancy
involution
the process where the uterus and other reproductive organs resume their normal size and function after delivery
ketosis
presence of ketones in the blood
lochia
vaginal discharge in the puerperium
Mongolian spot
a pigmented area on the lower back and buttock of some newborn babies and which has no significance
moulding
the shaping of the fetal head as it passes through the birth canal
what are the functions of the fontanelles
allow for skull compression during birth and allow brain growth during the infants first year.
Multigravida
a woman who is pregnant for the second time or any subsequent time
multipara
a women who has had more than one viable baby
nulligravida
a woman who has never been pregnant
nullipara
a woman who has never delievered a viable baby
Oligohydramnios
abnormally small amounts of amniotic fluid in pregnancy
operculum
a mucous plug sealing off the cervical canal during pregnancy
parity
the number of viable infants that a woman has delivered
Pawliks grip
used in abdominal palpitation to determine the presenting part of the fetus
pelvic brim or inlet
the plane of division between the true and false pelvis
perineum
the surface area between the vagina and the anus
Polyhydramnios
an excessive amount of amniotic fluid during pregnancy
presentation
the part of the fetus which lies over the brim of the pelvis
Rh factor
a group of antigens that may be present on the envelope of the red blood cells
siniciput
the forehead or the brow in the fetus (the two frontal bones)
symphysiotomy
artifical division of the ligaments of the symphysis pubis, resulting in enlargement of the diameters of the pelvis
teratogens
a enviromental agent that causes a malformation of the developing embryo or fetus
vertex
the highest portion of the fetal skull
version
the turning of the fetus so there is a different presenting part
whartons jelly
a jelly like substance contained within the umbilical cord and surrounding the umbilical blood vessels
