Test 1

Question 1

Source changes…..
Filter changes…..

Answer 1

source changes pitch. filter changes what sound comes out.

Question 2

resonance

Answer 2

the natural vibratory property of an object

Question 3

formants

Answer 3

prominent band of frequency that determine the phonetic quality of a vowel

Question 4

resonant frequency

Answer 4

natural frequency where a medium vibrates at the highest amplitude. H1=f0

Question 5

F1

Answer 5

relates to height. High f1= low vowel

Question 6

F2

Answer 6

relates to backness and roundness. high f2 = front vowel. low f2 = round vowel

Question 7

F3

Answer 7

relates to roundness and rhoticity. low f3 = rounded and rhoticized

Question 8

1. spectrum
2. multiple spectra
3. spectrogram

Answer 8

1. frequency x amplitude
2. frequency x amplitude x time
3. time x frequency

Question 9

formant transitions

Answer 9

vary in shape depending on the plosive that precedes the vowel * look at f2

Question 10

1. b + p
2. t + d
3. g + k

Answer 10

1. low lotus frequency
2. medium locus frequency
3. high locus frequency

Question 11

velar pinch

Answer 11

f2 and f3 pinch together when vowels are adjacent to nasals

Question 12

quantal theory

Answer 12

large differences in articulatory position do not cause changes in acoustic output, and small differences cause significant changes. regions determine distinctive features and natural classes

Question 13

fundamental frequency

Answer 13

f = 1/t

Question 14

1. anti-node
2. node

Answer 14

1. max movement, pressure is zero
2. no movement, high pressure

Question 15

closed tube formula

Answer 15

Fn = nc / 2L

Question 16

open tube formula

Answer 16

Fn = (2n-1)c / 4L

Question 17

Voiced plosive:
Voiceless unaspirated plosive:
Voiceless aspirated:

Answer 17

1. vocal folds vibrate throughout closure
2. vocal folds do not vibrate during closure but begin vibrating for the following voiced segment
3. period where the plosive has ended but voicing for the following segments has not yet begun (period of voicelessness)

Question 18

VOT

Answer 18

the interval between the release of a stop and the start of vocal fold vibration

Question 19

1. Voiced plosive VOT
2. voiceless unaspirated VOT
3. voiceless aspirated VOT

Answer 19

1. negative
2. zero
3. positive

Question 20

Sound is the result of…

Answer 20

movement, changes in air pressure that propagates through any medium that is elastic enough to allow molecules to crowd together and move apart