Test 1 Flashcards
Source changes…..
Filter changes…..
source changes pitch. filter changes what sound comes out.
resonance
the natural vibratory property of an object
formants
prominent band of frequency that determine the phonetic quality of a vowel
resonant frequency
natural frequency where a medium vibrates at the highest amplitude. H1=f0
F1
relates to height. High f1= low vowel
F2
relates to backness and roundness. high f2 = front vowel. low f2 = round vowel
F3
relates to roundness and rhoticity. low f3 = rounded and rhoticized
- spectrum
- multiple spectra
- spectrogram
- frequency x amplitude
- frequency x amplitude x time
- time x frequency
formant transitions
vary in shape depending on the plosive that precedes the vowel * look at f2
- b + p
- t + d
- g + k
- low lotus frequency
- medium locus frequency
- high locus frequency
velar pinch
f2 and f3 pinch together when vowels are adjacent to nasals
quantal theory
large differences in articulatory position do not cause changes in acoustic output, and small differences cause significant changes. regions determine distinctive features and natural classes
fundamental frequency
f = 1/t
- anti-node
- node
- max movement, pressure is zero
- no movement, high pressure
closed tube formula
Fn = nc / 2L
open tube formula
Fn = (2n-1)c / 4L
Voiced plosive:
Voiceless unaspirated plosive:
Voiceless aspirated:
- vocal folds vibrate throughout closure
- vocal folds do not vibrate during closure but begin vibrating for the following voiced segment
- period where the plosive has ended but voicing for the following segments has not yet begun (period of voicelessness)
VOT
the interval between the release of a stop and the start of vocal fold vibration
- Voiced plosive VOT
- voiceless unaspirated VOT
- voiceless aspirated VOT
- negative
- zero
- positive
Sound is the result of…
movement, changes in air pressure that propagates through any medium that is elastic enough to allow molecules to crowd together and move apart
