test 1

Question 1

What is the difference between sensation and perception

Answer 1

Sensation is external
perception is internal

Question 2

What is sensation

Answer 2

The process by which our senses receive information from the outside environment and encode that information into sensory neural impulses

Question 3

What is perception

Answer 3

process by which the brain processes, organizes,
selects, integrates, and interprets neural signals generated by sensory
organs.

Question 4

3 components of a sensory system

Answer 4

The sensory organ
neural pathways that transport info to the brain
brain regions that process sensory info and generate perceptions and behavior

Question 5

3 things a sensory system can provide information from

Answer 5

the ouside world
the inside of the body
from memory and imagination

Question 6

Psychophysics

Answer 6

Relationship between the physical stimulus and the resulting sensation

Question 7

Psychometric function

Answer 7

A function that shows the relationship between a stimulus and the perceived stimulus

Question 8

Intensity

Answer 8

strength of a stimulus

Question 9

spatial properties of a stimulus

Answer 9

where the stimulus originates, directionality, movement, and vibration

Question 10

Temporal properties of a stimulus

Answer 10

order of events, temporal separation between events, duration and frequency

Question 11

detection threshold

Answer 11

minimum amount of stimulus to ellicit a response

Question 12

perception threshold

Answer 12

the threshold required for a sensory input to be perceived.

Question 13

Subliminal signals

Answer 13

signals that are detected but are not perceived ie. the clothes on your skin
or toungue in your mouth.

Question 14

Range franctionation

Answer 14

different cells have
different thresholds for firing, over a
range of stimulus intensities

look at image

Question 15

Adaptation

Answer 15

prior exposire to a condition can heighten or dampen activity of a sensory system

happens when you are continuosly exposed to a stimulus

specific to each system

Question 16

habituation

Answer 16

prior exposure to a condition can heighten or dampen activity of a sensory system

specific to the brain

Question 17

KNow the different sensory facial nerves and their functions

Question 18

flow of information from sensory neurons to the brain

Answer 18

Afferent neurons, Dorsal root ganglions, to the spinal chord to the brain

Question 19

Dermatomes

Answer 19

The territory innervated by each spinal nerve arising from each dorsal root ganglion

ex. shingles only affects a single dermatome

Question 20

Ia, Ib, II afferent neurons

Answer 20

Large and fast nerve fibers, used to supply sensory receptors to muscles for proprioception

Question 21

Ab afferent fibers

Answer 21

smaller than Ia an Ib
convery touch information

Question 22

ADelta afferent fibers

Answer 22

small and slow nerves
convery pain and temp info

Question 23

C afferent fibers

Answer 23

small and slow nerves
convery pain and temp info

Question 24

Receptive field

Answer 24

An area of the skin innervated with only one nerve ending/axon

The closer touch is to the axon the higher the signal, If touch is farther from the center of the receptive field the signal is lower

Question 25

How do receptive fields work together

Answer 25

Overlapping receptive fields across the body can signal to the brain where touch is.

Question 26

Where are smaller receptive fields found and where are larger receptive fields found

Answer 26

Sensitive areas such as the fingers and mouth have a smaller receptive fields as they are areas that require a higher sensitivity to touch.

Question 27

Slowly adapting afferents

Answer 27

Generates a sustained signal

Question 28

Rapidly adapting afferents

Answer 28

generate a short burst of signals

Question 29

somatic sensory afferents

Answer 29

generates receptor potentials from a stimulus. A sum of receptor potentials will cause depolarization and and action potential

Question 30

Mechanically gated ion channels

Answer 30

a mechanical force opens an ion channel causing depolarization ex. Piezo-1 receptor which opens when a downward force is applied. Does not open when there is a lateral force.

Question 31

Merkle cell receptors

Answer 31

find the form and texture are used to obtain information about edges, points, corners and curvature. They are small receptors and they have the highest spatial resoltion of all sensory afferents

Question 32

What atre merkel cell complexes made from

Answer 32

Merkle cell proper and the merkel disc.

Question 33

How does touch activate merkel cells

Answer 33

pressure opens Piezo 2 receptors, this opens Na/K channels which depolarize the cell. This allows the influx of Ca2+, Ca2+ causes the release of norepinephrine. 25% of mechanorecption

Question 34

Meisners corpuscles

Answer 34

have a small receptive field Give you motion detection and grip control give you the ability to detect skin motion is 40% of mechanorection lamellar cells found in the meissner corpuscles Made with A-delta fibers, and C-fibers

Question 35

Pacinian corpuscle

Answer 35

found deep in the skin 10-15% of mechanoreceptors detect vibrations through held objects

Question 36

Ruffini corpuscles

Answer 36

found deep in the skin 20% of mechanorecpetion in the skin detects stretch