Test 1

Question 1

Difference between measuring, calculating, statistics (porter)

Answer 1

Measuring: collecting data
Calculating: performing math operations on data
Statistics: how data is interpreted using calculations

Question 2

What is the importance of the standardisation of measure? (Porter)

Answer 2

It assures that the data that is compared is valid, universal and reliable

Question 3

Why was commensurate on deemed necessity by political class in 1930s? (Porter)

Answer 3

Needed to standardize/compare social data for effective governance

Question 4

Name main social science disciplines/explain main objective of investigation required statistics (porter)

Answer 4

Socio: analyzes social structure/patterns across groups

Econ: measures/predicts economic trends

Psych: quantifies/examines mental processes/behaviour

Question 5

P^

Answer 5

Statistics

Question 6

n

Answer 6

Sample

Question 7

P0

Answer 7

Parameter from whole population

Question 8

Frequency, fraction, decimal, percentage:

Out of a total of 2669 heinous crimes committed in Canada in 2020, 1594 were committed by black people.

Answer 8

Freq: 1594
Decimal: 0,58
Fraction: 1594:2669=0,58
Per: 6%

Question 9

Population

Answer 9

Whole group we are studying

Question 10

Types of studies

Answer 10

Survey, census, observation, experiment

Question 11

(Association)
Causality

Answer 11

One thing makes another thing happen
Iv->Dv (test; experiment test)

Question 12

(Association)
Causation

Answer 12

One thing directly causes another to happen (test; chi square)

Question 13

(Association)
Correlation

Answer 13

Two things happen together but doesn’t mean one causes the other.

Question 14

Samplings errors (name them)

Answer 14

Undercoverage, voluntary response, convenient, random sampling error

Question 15

Non sampling (name them)

Answer 15

Response error, non response error, wording of question, processing error

Question 16

(Sampling) Undercoverage

Answer 16

When part of population doesn’t have same probability of being part of n

Question 17

(Sampling) voluntary response

Answer 17

Indi takes initiative to answer survey

Question 18

(Sampling) convenient

Answer 18

Researcher picks a and b that is convenient

Question 19

(Sampling) random sampling error

Answer 19

Over/under estimation of p0 (parameter)

Question 20

(Non sampling) response error

Answer 20

Indi mistake/lie

Question 21

(Non sampling) non response error

Answer 21

Indi don’t answer

Question 22

(Non sampling) processing error

Answer 22

Data is put in spreadsheet

Question 23

Typese of scales (name, explain)

Answer 23

Nominal: characteristic can’t be ranked (gender)
Ordinal: ranking, dont know amount between ranking
Interval/ratio: ranking, knows amount between ranking