Test #1 Flashcards
“Intelligence”
is “information” collected, often secretly by either governments or nongovernmental organizations, often illegally, that is subsequently analyzed and converted into a product used by decision makers in this organizations.
“Intelligence” as a Service
“Intelligence is essential to the intelligence process. Intelligence is not simply an amalgam of collected information. It is instead the result of taking information relevant to a specific issue and subjecting it to a process of integration, evaluation, and analysis with the specific purpose of projecting future events and actions and estimating and predicting outcomes.
Xenophon
430-355 BCE
-A soldier, historian and philosopher in ancient Greece.
-First to advocate for advance spies to collect tactical intelligence prior to war as opposed to divination(Use of oracle’s and dreams)
Sun Tzu
544-496 BCE
-a Chinese military general, strategist, philosopher, and writer who wrote the Art of War
-“Foreknowledge.., must be obtained from people, people who know the conditions of the enemy
- “Thus, what is of Supreme Importance is to attacks the enemy’s strategy; next best is to disrupt his alliances; the next best is to attack his army”
Culper Spy Ring
-A network of spies, organized by George Washington, active during the American Revolutionary War operating on and around Long Island. Communicated by secret signal’s by hanging laundry on clotheslines
-successes included helping to unmask Benedict Arnold’s treachery and preventing the British from ambushing French troops in Rhode Island in 1780
-Leaders were Abraham WoodHull and Robert Townsend
Valley Forge Deception Operation
During the brutal winter of 1777-1778 at Valley Forge, with his troops starving, freezing, and dwindling in number, Washington successfully employed this subterfuge, writing documents referring to phantom infantry and cavalry regiments to convince British general Sir William Howe that the American rebels were too strong to attack. It worked. Had Howe known the truth and pressed his advantage, the Continental Army might not have survived the winter
Nathan Hale
“I regret that I have only one life to lose for my country”
America’s First Fallen Spy, sent by Washington to gain information about British troop strength and plans. His cover was an unemployed school teacher, he used his real name and was known to be very trusting. Hale trusted a stranger who ended up being a British Major, Hale confided over him and he was captured the next morning, became the first American Spy to be executed in the line of duty.
Benjamin Franklin
waged a covert propaganda campaign from Paris. He wrote articles to sway opinion across Europe, falsehoods included a story about a German Prince saying that he is being cheated out of money, wants to let wounded soldiers die so that the British will pay more.
Franklin is named as a founding father of American Intelligence
Thaddeus Lowe
Chief Aeronaut of the Union Army Balloon Corps
-Used a hot air balloon to send overhead intelligence about troop positions to Lincoln
-Became the first to send a electrical communication from an aircraft to the ground, real time transmission of reconnaissance data from an aerial platform, and communication of intelligence to a US president via telegraph.
Palmer Raids
(First Red Scare) Government officials tapped telephones and opened mail, and 1919 the FBI began rounding up thousands of people, arresting hundred, and deporting dozens in what would be dubbed the “paler raids,” named after Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer.
Zimmerman Telegram
Discovered by British Intelligence, the telegram promised a German Alliance to Mexico if war broke out between Germany and the United States-to draw the U.S into the war
The Black Chamber
Ad hoc initiative to decrypt foreign communications, lasting from 1917-1929, led by Herbert Yardley
-Broke several Japanese code before the 1921 Washington Navy conference to negotiate naval disarmament among the Great Powers.
-Received a lot of opposition, Henry L. Stimson “Gentlemen do not read each other’s mail.”
OSS
Office of Strategic Services(1941-1945)
A wartime intelligence Unit created after Pearl Harbor, headed by William “Wild Bill” Donovan. By the end of the war the OSS had thousands of employees, guerilla warfare, clandestine activities, strategic analysis. Had a cowboy culture that still influences the CIA’s clandestine arm. Represented the pre-cursor to the CIA. Recruited celebrities like Julia Child
Wild Bill Donovan
Founding Father of the CIA
The creator of the OSS, whose statue stands inside the CIA headquarters today. Wild Bill was a congressional medal of honor recipient, brought the cowboy culture that still influences the CIA today.
National Security Council
The Council advises the President on National Intelligence including Foreign, Domestic, and Homeland Security. Provides the Presidents Daily Brief(PDB), attendees include the Vice President, Secretary of State, Secretary of State, Secretary of Defense, Secretary of Energy, Chairman of the Joints Chiefs of Staff, Director of National Intelligence, Director of National Drug Control Policy + many others.
DNI
Avirl haines
(Director of National Intelligence)
-a senior cabinet-level United States government official that helps to produce the PDB, all Intelligence agencies report to the DNI
PDB
(Presidents Daily Brief)
-on a day-to-day basis, the most highly selective compendium of the most important intelligence available to the U.S IC. A top secret document that is given each morning to the President containing covert operations.
NIEs
National Intelligence Estimate
-created by the DNI
- Where is a major issue or trend going over the next several years
-The considered view of the entire intelligence community
-Not the predications of the future
-More than one possible outcome may be included
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The Intelligence Cycle
- Planning and Direction
- Collection
- Processing and Exploitation
- Analysis and Production
- Dissemination
“all source Intelligence.” What agencies specialize in this in particular?
Intelligence products are that are based on all available sources of intelligence collection information
-OSINT
-SIGINT
-GEOINT
-MASINT
-HUMINT
NGA
National Geospatial Intelligence Agency-
combination of an intelligence agency and combat support agency, lead federal agency for GEOINT
-Helps everything from flying U.S aircrafts to helping you navigate with your cellphone
ASAT
Anti-satellite weapons, designed to incapacitate or destroy satellites for strategic or tactical purposes, a few countries have shot down their own satellites in a show of force
NRO
National Reconnaissance Office-
Agency in charge of designing, building, launching and maintaining Americas intelligence satellites
Creates contracts with industrial suppliers, created 1961, declassified in 1992
LEO
Low-Earth Orbit
200-1,000 miles, more detailed view of the Earth
HEO
Highly Elliptical Orbit
Much closer in southern and farther in northern hemisphere during the Cold War Era
Starlink
SpaceX, 3 million subscribers to satellite internet services in rural areas, requires state approval(40 countries, has been used in the Russo-Ukrainian War
Shutter Control
The U.S can impose control over commercial satellites operated by US companies for reasons of national security.
Enigma Machine
An example of Signal intelligence(Cryptology)
-a cipher device that was developed to protect communications by the Nazis
-Alan Turning ended up breaking the code and allowed ships to safely past the U-boats, and deciphered key messages.
COMINT
Communications Intelligence
-Apart of the spectrum of SIGINT
-Usually encrypted
-Content Analysis-texture
-Traffic Analysis-Volume and Pattern
-since 2017, over 7 billion telephones, 12.4 billion calls, 23 billion text messages, 60 billion whatsapp messages, 500 million tweets
Risk versus Take
ELINT
apart of MASINT
-Electronic intelligence
-Apart of the spectrum of SIGINT
-Radar Transmissions
FININT
Financial intelligence
-the gathering of information about the financial affairs of entities of interests to predict their intentions, occurs from monetary transactions
Content Analysis
-the study of documents and communications, it could be texts, pictures or other various formats.
Traffic Analysis
-the process of intercepting and examining messages in order to deduce information from patterns in communication, can even be perform when the messages are encrypted, the greater number of messages observed, the greater information be inferred.
Risk versus Take
Sources(what the intelligence is) and Methods(how it is obtained), the practice of intelligence collect and analysis.
