Test 1 Flashcards
Diameter index safety system (d.i.s.s)
•low pressure, threaded connections
•used to connect gas hoses to regulators
Pin index safety system (P.I.S.S)
•high pressure, small cylinders (AA-E)
•washer required to prevent leaks
•pins in regulator connect to 2 pinholes in valve stem
American standard safety system (A.S.S.S)
•threaded, high pressure connection
•large cylinders, (F-K)
Cylinders
•small have post valve and yoke connect, represented by double A-E.
•large have a threaded valve outlet and are letters H-K
Gases
•compressed gases are measured by pressure inside of the tank
•liquid gases are measure by weight
•all have pressure relief valve in stem
Cylinder marking * next to test date represents what?
10 years testing approval
Cylinder marking (+) indicates what?
Tank can be filled 10% greater than service pressure
A full tank is how many Psi? And how much is 10% more than that?
A full tank is 2000 psi. And 2200 is 10% more.
How often are O2 cylinders safety tested?
Every 5-10 years
What government agency classifies cylinders?
DOT. Department of transportation
Medical gases are stored where?
High pressure tanks or large bulk reservoirs
Compressed gas is stored where?
In carbon steel or steel alloy. Smaller O2 cylinders can be aluminum and steel.
Liquid gas is stored where & why?
In cylinders to keep gas at a critical temp.
AIR- color/use
Yellow/black & to power resp equipment
Oxygen (CO2) characteristics
•Colorless, odorless, transparent, and tasteless.
•will accelerate combustion
•regulated by FDA
Production: chemically, fractional distillation, physical separation
Duration of flow formula
PSI x tank factor / flow (LPM)
Answer / 60.
If decimal, x only decimal by 60 for exact minutes.
H tank- 3.14 (3)
E tank- (0.3)
D tank- 0.16
Thorpe tube
•regulator with Thorpe tube flow meter is used on high pressure, large O2 cylinders.
•measures true flow
•affected by gravity
Bourdon gauge
•used on all sizes of high pressure gas cylinders (AA-H/K)
•measures pressure but reads on gauge as flow
•if tubing connected to flow meter is obstructed, the delivered flow is decreased but flow meter reads same
Flow restrictor flow meter
•used on high pressure, small O2 cylinders
•accurate in any position, not affected by gravity.
•common to connect to smaller high pressure cylinders.
Flow meter
•controls flow rate of gas to patient
•when gas cylinder is used, pressure reducing valve + flow meter is used
• when bulk gas system is used, just a flow meter is needed, pressure is reduced prior to patient outlet
A reducing valve is used for?
To reduce high pressure of a gas cylinder
Quick connect
•used at station outlet in patient room’s.
What’s HAI (healthcare associated infection) ?
Develops in patient during medical treatment.
What’s nosocomial infection?
Develops in a hospital setting.
What are some factors that are high risk for infection?
•underlying disease
•malignancy/transplant
•burns
•breaks in skin
•prolonged stay in healthcare
List the chain of events that need to happen in order to transmit infection.
- Source of pathogen
- Route of transmission
- Susceptible host
What is standard precaution?
Recognition that all blood, body fluid, secretion & excretion can contain transmissible agents.
What is contact precaution?
Reduce the risk for transmission by direct/indirect contact with patient.
What is droplet precaution?
Patients with presumed or confirmed infections transmitted by resp. Droplets.
What are Airborne precautions?
Patients known or suspected to be infected with microorganisms transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei.
Isolation precaution for contact?
Clean hands before entering & leaving room, gloves & down.
Isolation precaution for droplet?
Clean hands before/after being in room, nose, eyes & mouth are covered before entry, remove before exit.
Isolation precaution for airborne?
Clean hands before/after entering room, N-95 mask, door to room stays closed.
Steps for donning (putting on) PPE
- Hand hygiene
- Gown
- Mask
- Eyewear
- Hand hygiene
- Gloves
Steps for doffing (removing) PPE
- Gloves
- Gown
- Hand hygiene
- Goggles, face wear
- Hand hygiene
Handwashing
•alcohol based hand rub is recommended in health care
•60-90% alcohol content is more effective
•15-20 second handwashing
What’s the most common mode of transmission?
Indirect contact
what bodily fluid doesn’t have infectious agents?
Sweat
What does offering immunizations do?
Decrease host susceptibility
What are some infectious microorganisms?
•blood
•blood pressure cuffs
•non infected healthcare worker
What may transmit blood borne pathogens?
- Vomit
- Pleural fluid
- Non intact skin
- Amniotic fluid
- Saliva
- Mucous
What are methods of spreading blood borne pathogens?
- Needle stick
- Cutt skin
- Eyes, nose, mouth
- Sexual contact
You cannot become infected by BBP by:
- Sharing eating utensils
- Kissing
- Breastfeeding
- Coughing, sneezing, if NO blood
HIV- (direct/indirect contact)
•no cure
•no vaccine
•breaks down immune system
HBV (indirect contact)
•chronic liver disease
•most recover/clear infection
•no cure
HBC (indirect contact)
•causes liver disease
•no vaccine
What’s a solid?
Fixed volume/shape
What’s a liquid?
Adapt to shape of container.
List gases and their percentages.
N2- 78%
O2- 21%
Argon- 0.93%
CO2- 0.03%
Trace gases - 0.01%
All = 100%
Formula to calculate partial pressure
Total pressure x gas %
What are examples of procedures done by RT where gloves should be worn as a standard precaution?
- Draw blood gas
- Bronchoscopy
Chicken pox precaution type
Airborne
Measles precaution type
Airborne
TB precaution type
Airborne
Rhinovirus precaution type
Droplet
Mumps precaution type
Droplet
Pertussis precaution type
Droplet
Strep A pneumonia precaution type
Droplet
SARS precaution type
Contact & airborne
Smallpox precaution type
Contact & airborne
VRE precaution type
Contact
C-DIFF precaution type
Contact
MRSA precaution type
Contact
RSVP precaution type
Contact
Boyles law
Pressure and volume
Charles law
Temperature and volume
GAY lusaacs law
Temperature and pressure
Dalton’s law
Total pressure of gas is the sum of all partial pressures
Pp formula - gas % x total pressure
Safe way to transport/store cylinders?
•Upright position or laying down.
•away from heat
•ensure valve is closed
Regulators (reducing valve) have a working pressure of what?
50 PSI
Which flow meter is gravity dependent and should never be used with a tank that needs to be laid on its side?
Thorpe tube
What happens to flow in Thorpe tube if oxygen tubing gets kinked?
Flow decreases
Transitional flow pattern
Mixture
Turbulent flow pattern
Chaotic or random, occurs at high flow rates and high pressure
Laminar flow pattern
Streamlined, low flow rates and low pressure
How does flow travel?
From an area of high concentration to low until equilibrium is met
Viscosity is
Gas or liquids resistance to flow (thickness)
Grahams law
Lightweight gases diffuse at a much faster rate than heavy gases
Henry’s law
Gas molecules are more soluble at a higher pressure
Ficks law
Combo of Henry’s and grahams law
Increase in temp causes gas solubility to
Decrease
Increase in temp causes gas solubility to
Decrease
Increase in pressure above the gas will ______ solubility
Increase
