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lifespan & development > test 1 > Flashcards

test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is development:

A

how & why we change as we get older

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2
Q

psychodynamic definition (freud)

A

full of internal drama and intensity

theorist freud (psychoanalysis)

development happens by resolving conflicts

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3
Q

psychodynamic & development

A

we develop through psychosexual stages

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4
Q

pyschosocial theory (erikson)

A

development happens by overcoming challenges in life

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5
Q

behaviourism

A

observable behaviours show us what individuals know

all development happens by learning behaviours

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6
Q

classical conditioning

A

development happens because of associations we make

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7
Q

operent conditioning

A

development happens because of behaviours we choose to do

reinforcement: rewards used to encourage certain behaviours

punishment: used to discourage a behaviour

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8
Q

cognitive theory

A

how we think about our world

how we learn from our world

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9
Q

sociocultural

A

learn to behave in society by others

importance of culture

development occurs between interaction between a person and society

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10
Q

holism

A

examining how a whole person develops

elders as mentors

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11
Q

special cell:

A

gamete

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12
Q

gamete:

A

cells for reproduction (creating humans)

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13
Q

each egg & sperm:

A

contains 23 chromosomes

23 chromosomes → genetic material

genetic material: DNA molecules

DNA → instructions to make proteins

genes → organize DNA instructions (up to 50,000 genes)

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14
Q

egg + sperm = zygote

A

23 chr + 23 chr = 46 chr

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15
Q

zygote=

A

potential human

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16
Q

conception takes…

A

14 days

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17
Q

goal (zygote)

A

zygote implants on uterine wall

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18
Q

cell differentiation

A

< 1mm long ~ 100 cells

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19
Q

the embryo

A

week 3-8

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20
Q

goal (embryo)

A

formation of major body parts

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21
Q

cephalocaudal

A

top down

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22
Q

proximodistal

A

inside out

23
Q

placenta

A

passes nutrients to embryo umbilical cord

joins embryo to placenta

brings nutrients

removes waste

24
Q

fetus

A

week 9-birth

systems function/work together

19.21 inches/7.5 pounds

25
Q

teratogens

A

substances/situations that increase risk of abnormalities

26
Q

teratogens general

A

malnutrition

impact development size and vulnerability at birth

long term stress

-miscarriage, early labour, mom stress hormones, decrease of oxygen to fetus

-mom low immune system, mom engaging in risky behaviour

27
Q

teratogens general

A

disease

pass through placenta

during birthing in birth canal
drugs

prescription/non prescription

legal/non legal

should contact health professional

28
Q

stage 1 (labour & delivery)

A

cervix opens

goal: cervix dilates to 8-10 cms

dilation = contractions

longest stage ( > 12 hours)

29
Q

stage 2 (labour & delivery)

A

pushing happens

30
Q

postpartum depression

A

half of all new moms

10-15% → severe postpartum depression

research: affects warmth & enthusiasm of mothering

31
Q

body growth

A

muscles: longer & thicker

year 1: layer of fat added

32
Q

sleep

A

newborns sleep 15-17 hours in sleep state

brain development → REM sleep: rapid eye movement sleep

33
Q

brain growth

A

brain becoming complex

brain becomes specialized

34
Q

brain communication: neurons

A

brain cells

billions in brain

carry messages throughout the cns (central nervous systems → brain & spinal cord)

35
Q

neuron communication: synapse

A

neuron must cross a bridge to be active

if neurons send a message: releases chemicals (neurotransmitters)

36
Q

brain becoming specialized: hemispheres

A

specialized

left vs right

work together

37
Q

stage 2 (labour & delivery)

A

pushing happens

newborn is pushed down the birth canal

shorter stage ( > 2 hours)

38
Q

stage 3 (labour & delivery)

A

contractions resume

placenta is “birthed”

examine placenta

39
Q

somatosensory cortex

A

deals with touch

well developed in young

top of the head

40
Q

experience and the brain

A

experiences for babies stimulate the brain

impacts brain structure

a good thing

41
Q

vision

A

least mature at birth

preferences
complex patterns
human faces

42
Q

hearing

A

overall strong prenatal & postnatal

evidence postnatal
1) become startled
2) use sound to locate objects

43
Q

smell

A

well developed
distinguish odors
prefer mothers’ scent

44
Q

taste

A

well developed

sugar → calming

salty → tolerate

sour → sensitive

45
Q

touch

A

super important

provides comfort

pain reactions

46
Q

motor development

A

before controlled movements…

babies are born with reflexes

automatic responses

survival advantage

social advantage

46
Q

skin to skin contact (kangaroo care)

A

babies do better after they’re discharged

-improves oxygen saturation levels

-improves brain growth & development

46
Q

feeding

A

sucking → mouth is prepared for bottle or breastfeeding

rooting → rub babies cheek, turn in direction and open mouth (expecting food)

47
Q

gross motor development

A

large muscles

large body movements

crawling, scooting, standing, walking

47
Q

movement

A

moro (startle reflex) → when you startle them, they brace their hands and bring them towards themselves

stepping → foot to foot

47
Q

grabbing

A

pre-reach: attempt to reach

palmer grasp: grab using palm of hand

pincer grasp: using thumb and finger

hand preference (around 2 years)

final decision in pre school

48
Q

fine motor development

A

smaller muscles involved

small movements

grab, point, hold

49
Q
A

lifespan & development (1 decks)

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