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Biomechanics > Test #1 > Flashcards

Test #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Biomechanics

A

is the study of forces and
their effects on living systems.

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2
Q

Kinematics

A

the branch of dynamics concerned with the description of motion.

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3
Q

Kinetics

A

the branch of dynamics concerned with the forces that cause or tend to cause motion.

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4
Q

Mass

A

measure of inertia; the quantity of matter in an object

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5
Q

Mass does not change with what?

A

location

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6
Q

What is the SI unit of measure for mass?

A

kg

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7
Q

Inertia

A

the property of an object to resist changes in its motion

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8
Q

Weight

A

measure of the force of gravity
acting on an object.

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9
Q

Which type of measurement changes with location?

A

weight

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10
Q

Force

A

a force is a push or a pull.

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11
Q

Forces cause what to happen?

A

objects to start, stop, speed up, slow down or change direction

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12
Q

What is the SI unit of measure for force?

A

newton (N)

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13
Q

Vector

A

is a mathematical representation of anything
that is defined by its size or magnitude (a number) and it
direction (its orientation)

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14
Q

Internal forces

A

are forces that act within the object or system whose motion is being investigated.

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15
Q

External forces

A

are those that act on an object as a result of interaction with the environment surrounding it.

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16
Q

What are the two types of external forces?

A

noncontact or contact forces.

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17
Q

Noncontact forces

A

force that occur even if the objects are not touching i.e.
gravity (32.2 ft/s/s) or magnetic (electrical).

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18
Q

Contact forces

A

are forces that occur between objects in contact with each other.

  • i.e. air and water resistance.
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19
Q

Normal contact forces

A

act perpendicular to the
surface in contact and move the objects in opposite
ways

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20
Q

What is an example of a normal contact force?

A

the downward force from a runners foot strike moves runner up away from the earth

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21
Q

Friction forces

A

act parallel to the contacts and
opposes motion or sliding between the surfaces

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22
Q

What is an example of a friction forces?

A

the backward of the runners foot strike gives the runner horizontal motion.

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23
Q

Linear motion

A

is referred to as translation. It
occurs when all points on a body or object move the
same distance, in the same direction and at the same
time.

24
Q

What are the two types of linear motion?

A

rectilinear translation and curvilinear translation

25
Q

Rectilinear translation

A

Linear motion that occurs
when a object maintains its orientation during a movement so that all points on the object move the same distance, in the same direction, in the same
time, in straight lines.

26
Q

Curvilinear translation

A

Linear motion that occurs
when an object maintains its orientation during a movement so that all points on the object move the same distance, in the same direction, in the same time, but not in straight lines.

27
Q

What is an example of rectilinear translation?

A

Figure skater gliding across the ice in a static position, a bicyclist
gliding on a flat surface.

28
Q

What is an example of curvilinear translation?

A

Figure skater glides around the curve the rink

29
Q

Angular motion

A

Change in position that occurs
when all point on a body or object move in circular paths about the same fixed axis, also referred to as rotary motion or rotation.

30
Q

What are examples of angular motion?

A
  • Ice skater spinning in place.
  • Within the body movement around the joints like the elbow and knee are examples of angular motion
31
Q

General motion

A

A change in position that results
from a combination of both linear and angular motion. Most movement is general in nature

32
Q

What is an example of general motion?

A

In running the arms and legs move in angular motion while the trunk or center of mass or COG is linear motion

33
Q

Distance

A

a measure of the length of a path followed by an object. (may be a straight path or
curved).

34
Q

Displacement

A

Is the distance traveled in a straight line from the starting
point to the ending point .

35
Q

Speed

A

Rate of motion of an object

36
Q

Acceleration

A

When an object speeds up, slows down, starts, stops or changes direction, it is accelerating.

37
Q

Negative acceleration

A

occurs when an object when a object moves in a positive direction but is slowing down (some call this deceleration)

38
Q

Application of negative acceleration

A

Sprinters at the end of the race, typically it is the one who decelerates or has less negative acceleration who wins

39
Q

Positive acceleration

A

Speeding up in a positive direction

40
Q

Application of positive acceleration

A

the runner that has the best positive acceleration at the
beginning of a sprint will lead

41
Q

1st Law - Law of Inertia

A

Everybody continues in a state of rest or of uniform motion in a straight line, unless it is compelled to change that state by forces impressed upon it.

42
Q

2nd Law - Law of Acceleration

A

The change of motion of an object is proportional to the force impressed; and is made in the direction of the straight line in which the force is impressed.

43
Q

3rd Law - Law of Action-Reaction

A

to every action there is
always opposed an equal reaction

44
Q

Coefficient of Restitution

A

is defined as the absolute value of the ratio of the velocity of separation of velocity of
approach.

45
Q

Where is restitution often used?

A

quality used to regulate balls and equipment in sport

46
Q

Impulse

A

is the product of force multiplied by the time that
force acts

47
Q

Momentum

A

to build momentum we accelerate our bodies.

  • i.e. Throwing example just wrist, arm, full motion
48
Q

Work

A

is the product of force and the amount of displacement in the direction of that force.

  • It is the means by which energy is transferred from one
    object or system to another.
49
Q

What is the unit of measure for work?

A

joules (J)

50
Q

Positive work

A

is done by a force acting on an object if the object is displaced in the same direction as the
force

51
Q

Negative work

A

is done by a force acting on an
object when the object is displaced in the direction opposite the force acting on

52
Q

Energy

A

is the capacity to do work

53
Q

Kinetic energy

A

energy due to motion.

54
Q

Potential energy

A

energy due to position
(in this case the position of the object relative to the center of the earth)

55
Q

Power

A

is the rate of doing work

Biomechanics (1 decks)

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