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Test #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Biomechanics

A

is the study of forces and
their effects on living systems.

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2
Q

Kinematics

A

the branch of dynamics concerned with the description of motion.

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3
Q

Kinetics

A

the branch of dynamics concerned with the forces that cause or tend to cause motion.

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4
Q

Mass

A

measure of inertia; the quantity of matter in an object

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5
Q

Mass does not change with what?

A

location

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6
Q

What is the SI unit of measure for mass?

A

kg

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7
Q

Inertia

A

the property of an object to resist changes in its motion

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8
Q

Weight

A

measure of the force of gravity
acting on an object.

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9
Q

Which type of measurement changes with location?

A

weight

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10
Q

Force

A

a force is a push or a pull.

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11
Q

Forces cause what to happen?

A

objects to start, stop, speed up, slow down or change direction

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12
Q

What is the SI unit of measure for force?

A

newton (N)

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13
Q

Vector

A

is a mathematical representation of anything
that is defined by its size or magnitude (a number) and it
direction (its orientation)

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14
Q

Internal forces

A

are forces that act within the object or system whose motion is being investigated.

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15
Q

External forces

A

are those that act on an object as a result of interaction with the environment surrounding it.

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16
Q

What are the two types of external forces?

A

noncontact or contact forces.

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17
Q

Noncontact forces

A

force that occur even if the objects are not touching i.e.
gravity (32.2 ft/s/s) or magnetic (electrical).

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18
Q

Contact forces

A

are forces that occur between objects in contact with each other.

  • i.e. air and water resistance.
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19
Q

Normal contact forces

A

act perpendicular to the
surface in contact and move the objects in opposite
ways

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20
Q

What is an example of a normal contact force?

A

the downward force from a runners foot strike moves runner up away from the earth

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21
Q

Friction forces

A

act parallel to the contacts and
opposes motion or sliding between the surfaces

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22
Q

What is an example of a friction forces?

A

the backward of the runners foot strike gives the runner horizontal motion.

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23
Q

Linear motion

A

is referred to as translation. It
occurs when all points on a body or object move the
same distance, in the same direction and at the same
time.

24
Q

What are the two types of linear motion?

A

rectilinear translation and curvilinear translation

25
Rectilinear translation
Linear motion that occurs when a object maintains its orientation during a movement so that all points on the object move the same distance, in the same direction, in the same time, in straight lines.
26
Curvilinear translation
Linear motion that occurs when an object maintains its orientation during a movement so that all points on the object move the same distance, in the same direction, in the same time, but not in straight lines.
27
What is an example of rectilinear translation?
Figure skater gliding across the ice in a static position, a bicyclist gliding on a flat surface.
28
What is an example of curvilinear translation?
Figure skater glides around the curve the rink
29
Angular motion
Change in position that occurs when all point on a body or object move in circular paths about the same fixed axis, also referred to as rotary motion or rotation.
30
What are examples of angular motion?
- Ice skater spinning in place. - Within the body movement around the joints like the elbow and knee are examples of angular motion
31
General motion
A change in position that results from a combination of both linear and angular motion. Most movement is general in nature
32
What is an example of general motion?
In running the arms and legs move in angular motion while the trunk or center of mass or COG is linear motion
33
Distance
a measure of the length of a path followed by an object. (may be a straight path or curved).
34
Displacement
Is the distance traveled in a straight line from the starting point to the ending point .
35
Speed
Rate of motion of an object
36
Acceleration
When an object speeds up, slows down, starts, stops or changes direction, it is accelerating.
37
Negative acceleration
occurs when an object when a object moves in a positive direction but is slowing down (some call this deceleration)
38
Application of negative acceleration
Sprinters at the end of the race, typically it is the one who decelerates or has less negative acceleration who wins
39
Positive acceleration
Speeding up in a positive direction
40
Application of positive acceleration
the runner that has the best positive acceleration at the beginning of a sprint will lead
41
1st Law - Law of Inertia
Everybody continues in a state of rest or of uniform motion in a straight line, unless it is compelled to change that state by forces impressed upon it.
42
2nd Law - Law of Acceleration
The change of motion of an object is proportional to the force impressed; and is made in the direction of the straight line in which the force is impressed.
43
3rd Law - Law of Action-Reaction
to every action there is always opposed an equal reaction
44
Coefficient of Restitution
is defined as the absolute value of the ratio of the velocity of separation of velocity of approach.
45
Where is restitution often used?
quality used to regulate balls and equipment in sport
46
Impulse
is the product of force multiplied by the time that force acts
47
Momentum
to build momentum we accelerate our bodies. - i.e. Throwing example just wrist, arm, full motion
48
Work
is the product of force and the amount of displacement in the direction of that force. - It is the means by which energy is transferred from one object or system to another.
49
What is the unit of measure for work?
joules (J)
50
Positive work
is done by a force acting on an object if the object is displaced in the same direction as the force
51
Negative work
is done by a force acting on an object when the object is displaced in the direction opposite the force acting on
52
Energy
is the capacity to do work
53
Kinetic energy
energy due to motion.
54
Potential energy
energy due to position (in this case the position of the object relative to the center of the earth)
55
Power
is the rate of doing work

Biomechanics (1 decks)

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