TEST 1 Flashcards
How old is Earth and how can we tell?
Earth is around 4.5 billion years old, we know that due to uranium lead dates that are found in the materials on earth
How did the ground layers form in Earth?
After the planet formed everything was all together, but over time things differentiated by density hence why we have our layers.
What are the theories on how water got to our planet?
Water got to our planet through comets and meteors; also the water was already inside earth, as things cooled there were volcanic eruptions that got the water out
How was the magnetic field on earth produced?
The molten outer core on Earth created this magnetic field.
What was our early atmosphere composed of?
Hydrogen and Helium were the main components. But later we got water and carbon dioxide due to the degassing of earth’s interior
How did we get most of our oxygen?
Because of plants as they photosynthesized they produced oxygen.
What is the main component of our current atmosphere?
Nitrogen
How are water molecules structured?
They have positive and negative sides, Oxygen is bonded with hydrogen. Hydrogen bonds are weaker than covalent bonds.
hydrogen bonds are formed because of water’s polarity; they stick tgt.
Oxygen is our negative side and hydrogen is our positive side, water changing phases is the breaking of those hydrogen bonds
just some information for the test :)
Hydrogen Bonds are much weaker than covalent bonds
True
What two properties do we need for plants to exist?
cohesion and adhesion
What is cohesion and what is adhesion
cohesion is the intermolecular forces between “like” molecules, it is when water sticks to itself; adhesion is the bonding between unlike molecules
What are some qualities of water?
- water has a high surface tension
- water is an excellent solvent
- water has high specific heat capacity, water will heat up much slower than land
- water phase changes can heat/cool the environment
How does water density change when it’s a solid vs a liquid?
Water in solid form is less dense than water in liquid form
What are the main processes in the water cycle?
Evaporation, precipitation, infiltration, groundwater flow, and evapotranspiration
What is evapotranspiration?
It’s the combination of evaporation and transpiration
Where does infiltration and percolation occur?
infiltration happens at the surface while percolation occurs deeper down in the ground
What is a global water budget?
Over the ocean we have more evaporation than we do precipitation while over land we have more precipitation than we do evaporation.
Gravity pulls water molecules closer to Earth’s surface
Some information for the test :)
What is long wave radiation?
long wave length is when there is low frequency which means lower energy.
What is short wave radiation?
Short wave length means there is higher frequency which means higher energy.
Why do we see the global pattern of temperature?
This is due to the tilt of the earth, sun’s angle, seasons, etc
What is the difference between temperature and heat?
Heat is a form of energy that can be transferred from one object to another while
Temperature is the ability of a substance to transfer heat energy to another system
What is the difference between boiling and evaporation?
Evaporation occurs at the surface of water and can happen at any temperature while boiling occurs all throughout the volume and can only happen at high temperatures.
What is the difference between convection and conduction?
convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of liquids and gases while conduction is the transfer of heat through a solid, liquid or gas by direct contact.
What is the Coriolis Effect?
Circulating air is deflected toward the right in the Northern Hemisphere and toward the left in the Southern Hemisphere
