Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psych 2110 > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Romanian orphanages

A
  • stresses the importance of early life experience
  • timing matters - less than 6 months damages are less reversible
  • touch, attention, and stimulation are vital for human development
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

environmental evolution adaptedness (EEA)

A

the condition under which our ancestors lived a to which our morphological & psychological features are adapted
- children lack the evolutionary understanding of new technology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

plato

A

innate knowledge, nature vs nurture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

aristotle

A

acquire knowledge through experience
- tabula rasa ‘blank slate’
- education and timing is important - everything before 7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

nature vs nurture

A

nature - biological endowment, genetic inheritance
nurture - environmental influence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

continuity vs discontinuity

A

continuity - continuous ex. growth of a tree
discontinuity - a process with multiple steps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the active child

A

children shape their own development through selective attention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

niche

A

ecological - the ecological conditions to which a species is adapted and how the species influences the ecosystem
developmental - physical and social setting in which children live, the customs, & the psychology of their caretakers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mechanism of change

A

importance of sleep
infant amnesia due to immaturity of hippocampus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

vaccine war experiment

A

does the MMR vaccine cause autism?
- preservatives in the vaccine causes behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

gathering data

A

interview
naturalist observation
structured observation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

research design

A

cross-sectional - different ages at one time
longitudinal - same children over long period
microgenetic - same children over short period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

dna

A

a molecule encoding the genetic instructions used in the development & function of all living things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

gene

A

a locatable region of genomic sequence, corresponding to a unit of inheritance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

chromosome

A

an organized structure of dna & protien found in cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

meiosis

A

process of cell division that produces gametes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

prenatal development

A

fertilization - union of the sperm and egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

period of zygote

A
  • when egg is fertilized
  • ends at 2 weeks with implantation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

period of embryo

A
  • implantation to 8 weeks
  • basic bodily internal & external structures form
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

period of fetus

A
  • 9 weeks to birth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

4 developmental processes

A

1) cell division results in the proliferation of cells
2) cell migration
3) cell differentiation transforms the embryos unspecialized stem cells into different cells
4) apoptosis - genetically programmed cell death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

fetal learning - hearing

A

study: mother read cat in the hat 2x day for 6 weeks after birth the baby changes sucking patterns when hearing the story again
- form long-term memories in womb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

fetal learning - smell

A

study: babies prefer pads filled with their mothers amniotic fluid over another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

fetal learning - taste

A

study: mothers drank carrot juice 4x week for 3 weeks after birth baby preferred cereal flavoured with carrot juice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

hazards to prenatal development

A

tetragons - poisonous substances that can harm a developing embryo or fetus

26
Q

list of hazards to prenatal development

A

drugs
- thalidomide
- aspirin - slowed fetal growth, motor control, death
- ibuprofen - in 3 trimester - prolonged delivery, pulmonary hypertension
- tetracycline - hardening of teeth and bones
- opioid - neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS)
- weed - attention, impulsivity, learning deficient
- alcohol - fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
- cigs - slow fetal growth, low bw, ADHD, hearing deficit, SIDS, cleft lip/palate

27
Q

maternal disease

A

rubella - deaf, blind, cardiac abnormalities
zika - microcephaly

28
Q

maternal diet

A

malnutrition- small, low bw, cognitive deficits
folic acid intake - prevents downs & spina bifida

29
Q

maternal well-being

A

high levels of anxiety - more fetal movement
prolonged stress - stunted development. premie, low bw, ADHD

30
Q

postpartum depression

A

mothers blues - 40-60% of new moms
prolonged depression - 10-30%

31
Q

genotype

A

the genes that one inherits

32
Q

phenotype

A

observable expression of the genotype

33
Q

neurons

A

specialized cells that are the basic unit of the brains information system

34
Q

cell body

A

basic biological material that keeps the neuron functioning

35
Q

dendrites

A

receives input from other cells and conducts it toward the cell body

36
Q

axon

A

conducts electrical signals to connect with other neurons

37
Q

neurogenesis

A

the proliferation of neurons through cell division is largely complete about 18 weeks after conception

38
Q

myelination

A

myelin sheath - formed by glial cells, the brain white matter, around axons

39
Q

synaptogenesis

A

each neuron forms a synapse with thousands of other neurons, resulting in the formation of trillions of connections

40
Q

synaptic pruning

A

developmental process through which synapses that are rarely activated are eliminated

41
Q

brain plasticity

A

the capacity of the brain, affected by experience
synapses that are frequently used are preserved - neural darwinism

42
Q

expectant plasticity

A

the normal writing of the brain occurs in part as a result of the kinds of general experiences that every human has

43
Q

dependent plasticity

A

neural connections are created and reorganized throughout life as a function of an individual’s experience

44
Q

layers of the brain

A

1) cortical (upmost) - abstract & concrete thought, affiliation
2) limbic - attachment, sexual behaviour, emotional reactivity, motor regulation
3) midbrain - arousal, appetite/satiety, sleep
4) brainstem - BP, HR, body temp

45
Q

recovery from brain damage

A

timing & plasticity is important
- worst time: during neurogenesis & when migration is occurring
- best: synapse generation & pruning are occurring

46
Q

piagets theory

A

1) sensorimotor
2) preoperational
3) concrete operational
4) formal operational

47
Q

sensorimotor stage

A

birth - 2 years
understands through senses and actions. live in the world of now and here
- focus their activities
- goals of their activities
- formation of mental representation

48
Q

preoperational stage

A

2-7 years
understands through language and mental images, able to form mental representations
- egocentrism perceives the world solely from one’s own perspective
- concentration - focusing on a single dimension, and on static states over transformation

49
Q

concrete operational

A

7-12 years
understand through logical thinking and categories
- systematic thinking remains difficult

50
Q

formal operational

A

12+ years
understand through hypothetical thinking and scientific reasoning.
- logical thinking

51
Q

information processing theory

A

comparing the brain to a computer’s basic functions
- how cognitive changes occur
- development of learning, memory, & problem-solving skills

52
Q

limited capacity theory

A

hardware - memory capacity, speed to execute task
software - strategies & info available for a particular task

53
Q

executive functioning

A
  • inhibition
  • enhancement of working memory
  • cognitive flexibility
  • planning, organizing, prioritizing, shifting, memorizing, checking
54
Q

hardware

A

execution speed
- process neuronal myelination may aid processing speed & the ability to ignore distractions

55
Q

software

A

strategies
- memory and learning strategies emerge between 5-8 years
- utilization deficiency - failure to benefit from using good strategies owing to the high cost of mental effort

56
Q

Vygotsky socio-cultural theory

A

children are social beings shaped by their cultural context

57
Q

key social interactions

A
  • intersubjectivity - the way a person understands & relates to others
58
Q

joint attention

A

the shared focus of two individuals on an object

59
Q

social referencing

A

children look to social partners for guidance about how to respond to unfamiliar events

60
Q

social scaffolding

A

more competent people provide temporary framework that lead children to high-order thinking

61
Q

zone of proximal development

A

the range between what children can do unsupported & what they can do with optimal social support

Psych 2110 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions