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History of Rock > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Which cords are the most commonly used in rock music?

A

I-IV-V

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2
Q

12-bar blues

A

12 measures with 4 beats per bar

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3
Q

Big Joe Turner

Song?
Singing style?

A

“Shake, Rattle, & Roll”
known for shouting style and risqué lyrics

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4
Q

Who released a clean version of “Shake, Rattle, and Roll”?

A

Bill Haley cleaned up Big Joe Turner’s song

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5
Q

What were the typical instruments in early rock?

A

drum kit, bass, electric guitar, horns, piano

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6
Q

Ruth Brown

Style & Instrument?

A

“Mama, He Treats Your Daughter Mean”
style influenced by gospel music (seen in tambourine inclusion)

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7
Q

Media conditions leading to rock & roll emergence

A

TV - freed up airwaves for R&B/rock programming and TVs are more available

Radio - teens are using portable and car radios to get more music exposure

Film - teen-oriented movies are popping up

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8
Q

Significance of Blackboard Jungle

A

movie released that featured Bill Haley’s Rock Around the Clock

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9
Q

Little Richard

Song?
Image?
After?

A

“Tutti Frutti”
more explicit and suggestive
“The Architect” of rock and roll
flamboyant and left music a few times to preach

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10
Q

Chuck Berry

Song?
What was iconic about him?

A

“Johnny B Goode”
gifted songwriter
hugely important guitar style
had iconic guitar intros and stage moves

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11
Q

Alan Freed

A

influential radio DJ in the early 50s
nighttime spot on NYC station
caught in the payola scheme

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12
Q

What is payola?

A

Pay for Play scheme where cash/compensation was given in exchange for radio play
-Wasn’t illegal until 1960

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13
Q

Pat Boone

A

released vanilla version of “Tutti Frutti”

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14
Q

Ray Charles

Song
Mixed what genres?
Singing style?

A

“What’d I Say”
combined gospel, R&B and jazz
Call and response vocal parts

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15
Q

Fats Domino

A

“Blueberry Hill”
more fined than Little Richard or Chuck Berry

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16
Q

Bo Diddley

A

“Bo Diddley”
loose structure
Recorded for Chicago’s Chess Records

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17
Q

What artist often played a repetitive rhythmic motif on his guitar which was based on a Latin clave pattern?

A

Bo Diddley

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18
Q

What is rockabilly?

A

Rock + hillbilly

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19
Q

Bill Haley and The Comets

A

“Rock Around the Clock”
1st rock record to hit #1 on pop charts

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20
Q

What was the first rock and roll recording to appear in movie?

Song and movie?

A

Rock Around the Clock in Blackboard Jungle which incited riots in theaters

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21
Q

Who covered and transformed “Hound Dog”?

A

Elvis

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22
Q

Elvis Presley

A

Most important person in rock music history
Had unprecedented commercial success that continues decades after his death

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23
Q

What was the name of Sun Records’ popular group?

A

Million-Dollar Quartet

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24
Q

Who were the members of the Million-Dollar Quartet?

A

Jerry Lee Lewis, Carl Perkins, Elvis Presley, Johnny Cash

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25
Q

Who founded Sun Records?

A

Sam Phillips

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26
Q

Who was the original artist of “Hound Dog”?

A

Big Mama Thornton; had a raspy vocal style

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27
Q

Who wrote “Hound Dog” for the original artist?

A

Jerry Lieber & Mike Stoller

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28
Q

What was another of Elvis’ popular songs”?

A

“Suspicious Minds” which was #1 hit in 1969

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29
Q

Elvis and Media Influences

A

TV - Elvis had numerous appearances and an unique dancing style

Radio - new radio formats that lead to fewer artists w/ higher numbers of spins each

Film - after Elvis’ stint in the army, his acting career began

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30
Q

Carl Perkins

Song?
Instrument significance?

A

“Blue Suede Shoes”
wrote and recorded his own music
his guitar playing influenced artists like the Beatles

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31
Q

Jerry Lee Lewis

Song?
Instrument?

A

“Whole Lotta Shakin’ Goin’ On”
wild performances, hugely influential piano style

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32
Q

Who’s nickname was “The Killer”?

A

Jerry Lee Lewis
Had a legendary temper

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33
Q

Gene Vincent & The Blue Caps

A

“Be-bop-a lula”
had an exaggerated echo effect

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34
Q

Everly Brothers

A

“Bye Bye Love”
Don and Phil
Country-style harmonies w/ R&B influence

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35
Q

Buddy Holly and the Crickets

Song, style and image?

A

“Peggy Sue”
trademark hiccup singing style
had a accessible regular guy image

36
Q

What happened to Buddy Holly?

A

Died in plane crash in 1959 at 22

37
Q

Roy Orbison

Song?
Importance about singing style?

A

“Only the Lonely”
one of rock’s greatest singers
made use of orchestra string section
innovated rock ballad

38
Q

Early 60s

Changes in rock?

A
  • wild days of rock and roll were slowing down
  • direct backlash w/ banned records and DJ lawsuits
  • indirect backlash w/ vanilla versions and song stealing
  • parents, racists, mainstream music, gov’t all reacted against
39
Q

The Penguins

A

“Earth Angel”
doo-wop style
clean cut boy band image
emphasis on vocals

40
Q

Paul Anka

A

“Diana”
song about his babysitter
Teen idol but was also songwriter

41
Q

Johnny Mathis

A

“Chances Are”
#1 in 1957
Pop crooner

42
Q

Dick Clark

A

American Bandstand - TV music & dance program
Fueled teen idol and dance crazes
Survived the payola investigations

43
Q

Chubby Checker

A

“The Twist”
Released 1960
Name influenced by Fats Domino

44
Q

Importance of “The Twist”

A

Called most important record in rock & roll history by Dick Clark
b/c it got people of all ages to admit they liked rock & roll
exemplified dance crazes

45
Q

The Shirelles

Song?
Image?
Social change at the time?

A

“Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow”
about whether or not to have sex
exemplified “Girl Group” phenon
sweet polished image
Birth control had recently became available

46
Q

Who wrote “Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow”?

A

Carole King & Gerry Goffin

47
Q

The Ronettes

Song?
Lead?
Image?

A

“Be My Baby”
Lead singer Ronnie
Tough girl image - dark eye makeup, huge beehive, tight skirts

48
Q

Who discovered The Ronettes?

A

Phil Spector who was a producer and married lead singer Ronnie

49
Q

What is meant by “Wall of Sound”?

A

term used to describe Phil Spector’s studio recording technique
worked in LA w/ regular group of musicians

50
Q

Where did California Surf Culture start?

A

started when millions migrated to Cali during Great Depression and WWII

surfing came to CA at turn of 20th century

surf music glorified southern CA lifestyle (girls, fast cars, fun, surfing)

51
Q

Who was the originator of surf music?

A

Dick Dale

52
Q

Dick Dale

Song?
Writing style?
Guitar style?

A

“Miserlou”
wrote mostly instrumentals
reverb on guitar, fast picking technique
Had Lebanese ancestry; tune originated in Middle East

53
Q

The Beach Boys

A

3 brothers, cousin, and friend
Creative leader was Brian Wilson who was greatly admired by Phil Spector

54
Q

What was special about “Good Vibrations”?

recording technique and instrument

A

By the Beach Boys
groundbreaking single that had elaborate studio work (time and expenses)
Used a theremin
multiple overdubs, tape edits

55
Q

Folk Music Revival

A

Starting in the 1960s where young people were admiring and playing pre-rock American music

56
Q

Social Change in the 1960s

A

Democratic administrations
Civil Rights Movement
Women’s and Gay rights
Vietnam War & draft protests
Sexual revolution

57
Q

Traditional Appalachian folk music

A

“old-time music”
descended from British Isle song traditions
Played on strings (banjo, guitar, violin)

58
Q

Who were the 2 godfathers of the folk movement?

A

Pete Seeger & Woody Guthrie

59
Q

Woody Guthrie

A

“This Land Is Your Land”
originally a protest song
fused music and political activism

60
Q

Peter, Paul, & Mary

A

“If I Had A Hammer”
- written by Pete Seeger
focus on serious, earnest lyrics

61
Q

Bob Dylan

Song and singing style

A

“The Times They Are A-Changin’”
political songs
strophic form
plain spoken singing style

62
Q

Where did Bob Dylan begin?

A

as a solo folk musician in Greenwich Village, NYC (guitar & harmonica)

63
Q

What happened at the Newport Folk Festival?

Year and event?

A

In 1965, Dylan goes Electric
made an appearance w/ an electric band (Paul Butterfield Blues Band) which horrified folkies; thought Dylan was selling out

64
Q

Dylan’s influence

A

bridged gap b/t folk & rock music

65
Q

The Band

Song and Look?
Collaborated w/?

A

“The Weight”
Worked w/ Dylan in Woodstock
look and sound were opposite to hippie-era culture

66
Q

The Byrds

Song and who wrote it?
1st to do what?

A

“Mr. Tambourine Man”
Written by Bob Dylan
first group to merge folk and rock

67
Q

Who is Roger McGuinn?

A

guitarist, singer, creative leader of The Byrds

68
Q

The Mamas & Papas

A

“California Dreamin’”
folk rock like The Byrds but softer

69
Q

Simon & Garfunkel

A

“Sounds of Silence”
Appeared on American Bandstand
Wrote and recorded The Graduate soundtrack which helped w/ hits

70
Q

What is unusual about the way that Simon & Garfunkel’s “Sound of Silence” was recorded?

A

rock band was dubbed onto the original acoustic

71
Q

Who was the founder of Motown Records?

A

Berry Gordy who started as songwriter and producer

72
Q

Significance of Motown Records

A

first African American owned record label to successfully sell large numbers of black records to white America

73
Q

Important impact of Motown Records

A

Berry Gordy hired people to help train inexperienced young artists to be polished professionals

74
Q

Artists of Motown Records

A

Smokey Robison & the Miracles
Temptations
Supremes
Stevie Wonder
Four Tops
Marvin Gaye

75
Q

Who was Motown’s biggest act?

A

The Supremes
- Florence Ballard
- Mary Wilson
- Diana Ross

76
Q

What was the Supremes popular song?

A

“Where Did Our Love Go”

77
Q

Who is considered the Queen of Soul?

A

Aretha Franklin

78
Q

What was Aretha Franklin’s only number 1 hit?

A

“Respect” written by Otis Redding

79
Q

Aretha Franklin facts

Instrument?
Family?
Career?

A
  • gifted piano player
  • Father was a pastor which is where her gospel vocal style developed
  • Signed to other label but career took off when signed to Atlantic Records
80
Q

Who was the “Godfather of Soul”?

A

James Brown
- innovator of funk music
- influential stage shows

81
Q

What song for James Brown?

A

“I Got You (I Feel Good)”

82
Q

Who had a posthumous hit that was his only #1 on pop charts?

Artist and Song

A

Otis Redding
- “Sittin’ On The Dock Of The Bay”

83
Q

What happened to Otis Redding?

A

Died in a plane crash Dec. 10, 1967

84
Q

What is the name of the in house band for Motown Records?

A

Funk Brothers

85
Q

Nickname for Motown Records

A

Hitsville USA

86
Q

What was the name of Otis Redding’s racially integrated backup band?

A

Booker T and the MGs

87
Q
A

History of Rock (3 decks)

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