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Renaissance and Baroque > Test #1 > Flashcards

Test #1 Flashcards

Chapters 14 + 20

1
Q

A revived interest in CLASSICAL CULTURES and the veneration
of CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY was central to the notion of the…

A

Renaissance in Italy.

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2
Q

Italian admiration for classical art surfaced early on
in the court of…

A

Frederick II, King of Sicily and Holy
Roman Emperor

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3
Q

THE REALLY FANCY PILLARS WITH THE CRAZIEST AMOUNT OF DETAIL ALL OVER THE PILLARS, SPECIFICALLY LIONS AT THE BOTTOM, PPEOPLE IN ROBES AT THE TOP, PICTURES AT THE VERY TOP WITH MULTIPLE PEOPLE, ETC.

is known as…
(Know the name, the artist, the location, and what art was used)

A

ART: BAPTISTERY PULPIT
ARTIST: Nicola Pisano
Location: Pisa, Italy (1259-1260)
Art Used: MARBLE, 15’ HIGH

Credited with creating the first decorated stone pulpit**

MIXTURE OF MEDIEVAL traditions and Classica elements

CLASSICAL ELEMENTS large, bushy capitals are a Gothic variation of the Corinthian capital.

MEDIEVAL elements the trefoil arches and the lions supporting columns.

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4
Q

Example of Romanesque Architecture:

A

Round Arches.

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5
Q

Example of Gothic Architecture:

A

Pointed Arches.

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6
Q

Byzantine Tradition:

A

Major stylistic element in late medieval Italian art.

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7
Q

Byzantine Style:

A

FLAT, FRONTAL, ELONGATED FIGURES, WEIGHTLESS

Figures almost appear to be hovering, NO CAST SHADOWS

Blue sky- now HEAVENLY GOLD

omit all reference to the three-dimensional space of the material world and physical reality.

DOMINATED ITALIAM PAINTING THROUGHOUT THE MIDDLE AGES.

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8
Q

THIS altarpiece highlights the increasingly prominent role of monastic religious orders in late medieval Italy.

BONAVENTURA BERLINGHIERI

(Know the art, the artist, the location, and what type of art was used)

A

Art: Saint Francis Altarpiece,

Artist: San Francesco

Location: Pescia, Italy (1235.)

Type of Art Used: Tempera on wood, 5’ 3’

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9
Q

THE OLD PAINTING WITH JESUS WITH A CIRCLE HALO AROUND HIS HEAD, HOLDING A BABY WITH A CIRCLE HALO AROUND HIS HEAD, AND ANGELS SURROUNDING BOTH OF THEM WITH HALOS SURROUNDING THEIR HEADS, AND 4 MEN AT THE BOTTOM

is known as…

(Know the name, the artist, the location, and what art was used, type of art)

A

Artwork: MADONNA ENTHRONED WITH ANGELS AND PROPHETS

Artist: CIMABUE

Location: FROM SANTA TRINITÀ, FLORENCE,ITALY, CA.

Date: (1280-1290)

Art Tools: TEMPERA AND GOLD LEAFON WOOD, 12’ 7” 7’ 4”

Type of Art: Byzantine style

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10
Q

RENAISSANCE HUMANISM:

A

Revival of “Classical values”

Emerged during 14th Century, becomes a central component of Italian art in 15th and 16th Century

Chief concerns were human values and interests DISTINCT from religious or otherworldly values

SHIFT IN FOCUS to MAN and the achievements of MAN

Humanist cult of fame emphasized importance of creative individuals

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11
Q

THIS IS THE PAINTING WHERE THERE IS A BABY SITTING ON POSSIBLY JESUS’ LAP, ON A FANCY CHAIR, SURROUNDED BY MEN AND 2 ANGELS IN THE BOTTOM CORNERS

known as…
(Know the name, the artist, the location, and what art was used)

A

,
Art: MADONNA ENTHRONED

Artist: GIOTTO DI BONDONE

Location: FROM THE CHURCH OF THE
OGNISSANTI (FLORENCE, ITALY, CA.) (1310)

Revived classical naturalism BASED ON
OBSERVATION.

The Ognissanti Madonna marks the end of medieval painting in Italy and the beginning of a new naturalistic approach to art.

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12
Q

THIS IS THE CHAPEL WHERE THE ROOF IS PAINTED BLUE, AND THERE ARE MULTIPLE PAINTINGS ALL AROUND THE INSIDE OF IT.

known as…

(Know the name, the artist, the location, and what art was used)

A

Art: INTERIOR OF THE ARENA CHAPEL (CAPPELLA SCROVEGNI)

Artist: GIOTTO DI BONDONE,

Location: PADUA, ITALY (1305-1306)

Enrico Scrovegni, built the chapel in atonement for his sin of usury.

  • In 38 framed scenes, Giotto presented one of the most complete Christian pictorial cycles ever rendered.
  • TOP REGISTER: stories from the lives of the Virgin and her parents, (Joachim and Anna)
  • MIDDLE REGISTER: stories from the life and mission of Christ
  • BOTTOM REGISTER: Christ’s passion, crucifixion, and resurrection.
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13
Q

THIS IS THE PAINTING WITH JESUS LYING ON THE GROUND SURROUNDED CLOSELY BY MEN, AND SURROUNDED BY ANGELS IN THE SKY

known as…

(Know the name, the artist, the location, and what art was used)

A

Art: LAMENTATION

Artist: GIOTTO DI BONDONE

Location: ARENA CHAPEL (CAPPELLA SCROVEGNI), PADUA, ITALY, CA. (1305)

Sought to reconcile the illusion of a weighty, 3-dimensional body with the illusion of the space that contained it*

THUS NOTE the boldly FORESHORTENED angels which attempts to show the viewer that the space recedes.

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14
Q

THIS IS THE PAINTING WITH THE ANGRY MOB, AND JUDAS’ KISS

known as…

(Know the name, the artist, the location, and what type of art)

A

Art: Betrayal of Jesus

Artist: GIOTTO DI BONDONE

Location: Arena Chapel (Cappella Scrovegni; FIG. 14.9), Padua, Italy, ca. (1305)

Type of Art: Fresco

Figures seen from the back- a departure from the Italo-Byzantine style**

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15
Q

THIS IS THE “YELLOW-SKY” PAINTING, SHOWING JUDAS’ KISS TO JESUS

known as…

(Know what the art is, the artist, and the location)

A

Art: (This is a scene from the Maestà altarpiece)

Artist: Duccio,

Location: Siena Cathedral, Siena, Italy, (1308-1311)

HUMANIZATION OF RELIGIOUS SUBJECTS- KEY FEATURE OF RENAISSANCE ART*

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16
Q

THIS IS THE GOLDEN PAINTING WITH THE GOLDEN DOMES OVER THE ANGEL DELIVERING FLOWERS TO THE WOMAN SITTING IN THE MIDDLE OF THE PAINTING

known as…

(Know the art, the artist, what type of art it is, and the location)

A

Art: ANNUNCIATION

Artist: SIMONE MARTINI

Type of Art: ALTARPIECE

Location: SIENA CATHEDRAL, SIENA, ITALY (1333)

Simone Martini was instrumental in the creation of the INTERNATIONALGOTHIC STYLE

He was a COURT PAINTER FOR THE FRENCH KINGS in Naples and Sicily where met French painters which influenced his develop the International Gothic style.

Hallmarks of the style included radiant colors, flowing lines, and weightless figures in golden, spaceless settings.

(THIS IS THE GOLDEN PAINTING WITH THE GOLDEN DOMES OVER THE ANGEL DELIVERING FLOWERS TO THE WOMAN SITTING IN THE MIDDLE OF THE PAINTING)

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17
Q

THIS IS THE PAINTING WITH THE WOMAN LYING SIDEWAYS IN THE MIDDLE WITH THE MEN GATHERED AROUND HER AND THE BABY BEING WASHED IN THE MIDDLE OF THE PAINTING

known as…

(Know the art, the artist, the location, and the type of art used)

A

Art: Birth of the Virgin

Artist: Pietro Lorenzetti

Location: Siena Cathedral, Siena, Italy (1342)

Type of art: Tempera on wood

Achieved a remarkable degree of
SPATIAL ILLUSIONISM that
had not been seen since the
Ancient Roman era
Represented a marked step in the
advance of WORLDLY REALISM.

  • Unlike other altarpieces of the era, the figures are NOT seen against an otherworldly GOLD background.
  • Instead we see a detailed interior of an upper-class Italian home of the period—-
18
Q

THIS ARTWORK IS THE GREEN FIELD PAINTING THAT LOOKS LIKE IT WOULD BE ON A MAP

known as…

(Know the art, the artist, the locations, and what type of art it is)

A

Art: Peaceful Country

Artist: AMBROGIO LORENZETTI

Location: East wall of the Sala della Pace
(FIG. 14.17A) in the Palazzo Pubblico
(FIG. 14.16), Siena, Italy, (1338-1339)

Type of art: Fresco.

Detail from Effects of Good Government in the City and in the
Country

**First landscape painting since antiquity*

19
Q

THIS IS THE PAINTING WITH THE MEN AND THEIR HORSES PAYING THEIR RESPECTS FOR THE RECENTLY DECEASED MAN

known as…

(Know the art, the artist, the location, what type of art it is)

A

Art: Triumph of Death

Artist: BUONAMICO BUFFALMACCO

Location: Camposanto, Pisa, Italy, 1330s.

Type of Art: Full fresco.

Riders discover three corpses.

Shows horrors of death and forces viewers to confront their mortality.

20
Q

Northern Europe in the 15th Century:

A

A rising merchant class, whose success depended on individual effort and talent instead of inherited nobility, spawned a new economic system—the early stage of European capitalism.**

  • *GUILDS controlled artistic production in Flanders in this
    period

MAJOR ARTISTIC INNOVATIONS:

21
Q

The French Ducal Courts:

A

Flanders

The Dukes of Burgundy (Philip the Bold and his successors)
were the most powerful northern European rulers during the
first three quarters of the 15th century. **

Burgundian dukes fully appreciated
that artworks could support their dynastic and political goals*

22
Q

Chartreuse de Champmol, Dijon, France:

A

Philip the Bold, inspired by St. Denis,

Built the Dijon chartreuse to be a ducal mausoleum -Meant to secure salvation for Burgundian dukes and as a dynastic symbol of Burgundian power.

(THIS IS THE DRAWING WITH THE CHURCH IN THE FIELD)

23
Q

THIS IS THE FANCY PILLAR WITH THE MEN IN THE MIDDLE AND THE ANGELS FLYING ABOVE THEM

Known as…

(Know the art, the artist, and the location)

A

Art: Well of Moses
Artist: CLAUS SLUTER
Location: Chartreuse de Champmol, Dijon, France, (1396-1406) Moses 6’ high

Well brought water to theCarthusian monastery- but didn’tspout water — monks took vow ofsilence- no noise allowed!

Moses, David, Daniel, Isaiah,
Jeremiah and Zachariah surround
the base that used to hold a 25 ft
crucifix and mourning Mary
Magdalene.

24
Q

Manuscript Painting:

A

Increased contact with Italy, where Renaissance artists had revived the pictorial principles of classical antiquity, may have influenced Northern painters’ interest in illusionism.

25
Q

THIS IS THE PAINTING WITH THE PEOPLE GATHERING AROUND FOR A FEAST WITH A DOME AT THE TOP OF THE PAINTING

Known as…
(Know the art, the artists, what type of art it is)

A

Art: Les Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry

Artist: LIMBOURG BROTHERS: POL, HERMAN, JEAN

Type of Art: manuscript.

(1413-1416)

January = month of gift giving

Book of hours

Contained liturgical passages and prayers to be read privately at set times during the day

The calendar pages represent the 12 months showing scenes of seasonal tasks, alternating scenes of nobility and peasantry- showing the Duke’s relationship with his courtiers and peasants

the prominence of genre subjects in this religious book reflects the increasing integration of religious and secular art in the 15th century..

26
Q

LIMBOURG BROTHERS (POL, HERMAN, JEAN),

October,

from Les Très Riches Heures du Duc de
Berry, 1413-1416

A

Focuses on the peasantry.

the prominence of genre subjects in a religious book, reflected the increasing integration of religious and secular concerns in both art and life during the 15th century.

(THIS IS THE PAINTING WITH THE WHITE CASTLE)

27
Q

Robert Campin, Mérode Triptych, ca. 1425-1428

A

Early master of oil painting.

Intended for private use.

Integration of religious and secular concerns**
- Ancient Biblical scene taking place in a contemporary Flemish
house
- Religion was such an integral part of Flemish life that separating
sacred from secular almost impossible and undesirable

28
Q

Fig. 20-8 Robert Campin, Mérode Altarpiece, ca. 1425-1428 Oil on wood Fig. 20-8

A

(THIS IS THE PICTURE OF THE 3 ANGLES OF A HOUSE: The first one, ON THE LEFT had two guys looking like they were sneaking in, the second one IN THE MIDDLE had an angel taking a knee in front of a woman, and the third one ON THE RIGHT is an old man sitting in a chair.)

29
Q

Annunciation at center of Mérode triptych- set in Flemish Merchant’s home in Flanders (Belgium):

A

A tiny figure of Christ carrying the cross
of his martyrdom and of human salvation
enters the room on a ray of light,
foreshadowing his incarnation and
passion

  • Objects are not just decorative; they
    are religious symbols- Prayer book,
    lilies, symbolizing the Virgin’s purity
    and her divine mission

(THIS WAS THE SECOND MIDDLE IMAGE OF MERODE ALTARPIECE)

30
Q

Left wing:

A

Shows donors

Donor portraits- portraits of the people who commissioned a work** become popular in 15th c

(THIS WAS THE FIRST LEFT IMAGE OF MERODE ALTARPIECE)

31
Q

Right Wing:

A

Joseph in his work shop

He has built 2 mousetraps-symbolic of the theological concept that Christ is bait set in the trap of the world to catch the Devil.

(THIS WAS THE THIRD RIGHT IMAGE OF MERODE ALTARPIECE)

32
Q

HUBERT and JAN VAN EYCK,

Ghent Altarpiece (closed),

Saint Bavo Cathedral, Ghent, Belgium, ca. 1423-1432. Oilon wood, 11’ 5” 7’ 6

A

Ghent’s patron saint, John the Baptist and John
the Evangelist (Vyd’s patron saint?) portrayed
in GRISAILLE- use of solely gray tones
to imitate stone.**

(THIS IS THE PAINTING THAT HAS THE BEARDED MEN WITH SCROLLS AT THE TOP-LEFT, AND TOP-RIGHT OF THE PAINTING. WITH THE 2 PEOPLE AND 2 STATUES PRAYING AT THE BOTTOM)

33
Q

HUBERT and
JAN VAN EYCK,

Ghent Altarpiece (open), Saint
Bavo Cathedral,

Ghent, Belgium, ca. 1423-1432.
Oil on wood

A

Painting of human redemption through the sacrifice of Christ (the Lamb.)

MESSAGE: Even though humans, personified by Adam and Eve, are sinful, they will be saved because God, in his infinite love, will sacrifice his own son for their sake.

(THIS IS THE PAINTING THAT LOOKS LIKE SOMETHING MICHAELENGELO WOULD PAINT ON THE SIXTEENTH CHAPEL)

34
Q

JAN VAN EYCK,

Giovanni Arnolfini and His
Wife,

  1. Oil on wood, 2’ 9” 1’ 10 1/2
A

Increase in wealth of the merchant class contributed to an expanded market for SECULAR ART and PORTRAITURE

*DOG- symbolizes FIDELITY

(THIS IS THE PAINTING OF THE PREGNANT WOMAN IN GREEN ON THE RIGHT, HOLDING HANDS WITH A MAN IN PURPLE CLOTHING ON THE LEFT)

35
Q

Red Turban,

  1. Oil on wood, 1’ 1 1/8”
    10 1/4”
A

Probably a self-portrait of Van
Eyck

  • growing importance of secular
    portraiture as an income-producing
    artistic genre in 15th-century
    Flanders.

** This is the first known Western
painted portrait in a thousand
years in which the sitter looks
directly at the viewer.

(THIS IS THE PAINTING OF THE MAN WEARING THE RED WRAPPED HAT ON HIS HEAD)

36
Q

ROGIER VAN DER WEYDEN,

Saint Luke Drawing the Virgin, ca. 1435-1440.

Oil and tempera on wood, 4’ 6
1/8” 3’ 7 5/8

A

This painting was probably
commissioned by the CITY’S ARTIST
GUILD

*Legend that St. Luke painted an
image of Virgin & child which became
the standard image. (Thus, painting
guilds associated themselves w/ St.
Luke

(THIS IS THE PAINTING OF A MAN IN RED ON THE RIGHT ON HIS KNEES IN FRONT OF A WOMAN AND HER BABY ON THE LEFT)

37
Q

Hugo van der Goes:

A

The Portinari Altarpiece is a rare example of a large-scale Flemish work commissioned for a family chapel in Florence, Italy.*

38
Q

MEDIEVAL PICTORIAL DEVICES USED:

A

Continuous narrative & hierarchical scale.

39
Q

Nicola Pisano:

A

Credited with creating the first decorated stone pulpit.

40
Q

What are the Medieval Elements of Nicola Pisano’s Baptistery Pulpit?

A

The TREFOIL ARCHES and the lions supporting columns.

41
Q

Stigmata:

A

Christ’s wounds in the hands and feet which appeared on St. Francis- detail which ties St. Francis to Christ**

42
Q
A

Renaissance and Baroque (4 decks)

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