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Human Anatomy > Test #1 > Flashcards

Test #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy: (2)

A

study of organs and systems

Interconnected detail of organisms and its parts

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2
Q

Physiology: (2)

A

Study of structure and function of the organs and systems

Includes physical and chemical process

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3
Q

Histology: (1)

A

Study of structures too small to be seen without a microscope such as tissues

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4
Q

Homeostasis: (2)

A

Bodys ability to maintain stable environment

Balance

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5
Q

Cells Definition: (2)

A

The basic unit of all living things, without life does not exist

wide range in size, shape and purpose

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6
Q

Protoplasm:(2)

A

Colorless jelly-like substance containing nutrient material necessary for cell growth, repair, and reproduction

Contains the nucleus, organelles and cell membrane

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7
Q

Organelles: (1)

A

Small organs within cells

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8
Q

Nucleus: (3)

A

Center of the cell

Contains nucleoplasm (DNA)

Plays important part in cell reproduction and metabolism

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9
Q

Mitochondria: (3)

A

Creates energy for the cell, used for metabolism

Small organelles that float freely in cell

Amount of mitochondria present depends on how much energy cell function requires

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10
Q

Cell membrane: (3)

A

The part that encloses the protoplasm and protects the cell

Selectively permeable ;Controls entering of beneficial substances and removes waste

Links with similar cells to form tissue by communicating with each other

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11
Q

What are necessary for cells to grow and be healthy?: (3)

A

Nutrients (food)

Oxygen

Water

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12
Q

Mitosis: (2)

A

Process of cell reproduction where a cell divides into 2 identical cells (daughter cells)

Conditions have to be favorable

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13
Q

What are favorable conditions for mitosis to occur: (5)

A

Water

Nutrients

Oxygen

Adequate temperature

Ability to eliminate waste

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14
Q

Cell metabolism: (3)

A

Chemical process that takes place converting food to energy to function

Eliminates waste

Allows organisms to grow, reproduce, respond to their environment and maintain structure

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15
Q

What are the 2 smaller steps of metabolism?(2)

A

Anabolism

Catabolism

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16
Q

Anabolism:(2)

A

Building up of larger molecules from smaller ones

Proteins from amino acids

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17
Q

Catabolism: (1)

A

Breaking down of molecules for use such as breaking down nutrients for use of glucose.

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18
Q

Why is metabolism important for estheticians: (2)

A

Clients response to treatment and to active ingredients is influenced by efficiency and speed of their metabolism

Aging influences metabolism and cell function

19
Q

What factors can affect metabolism:(6)

A

Endocrine disorders, systemic problems and metabolic disorders

Age

Muscle mass

Physical activity

Diet

Sleep

20
Q

What is Tissue: (2)

A

Collection of similar cells that perform particular function.

Function can be recognized by appearances

21
Q

What are the 4 types of tissue:(4)

A

Connective
Epithelial
Muscle
Nerve

22
Q

Connective tissue: (3)

A

Supports, protects and binds together other tissue

Bone, cartilage, ligaments etc.

Contains adipose tissue

23
Q

Epithelial tissue: (2)

A

Protective lining on cavities and surface of organs

Skin, mucous membrane, heart lining, lining of digestive/respiratory organs.

24
Q

Muscle Tissue:(1)

A

contracts and mover parts of the body

25
Q

Nerve Tissue: (2)

A

Carries messages to and from brain coordinating body functions

Contains neurons

26
Q

Adipose tissue:(3)

A

A part of connective tissue

Stores energy

Gives smoothness and contour to the body

27
Q

Organs: (2)

A

Collection of tissues into identifiable structure, performing specific functions

Organs working together to perform functions are body systems

28
Q

Superficial:

A

Closer to the surface of the body

29
Q

Deep:

A

Deeper inside the body

30
Q

What are the 10 body systems

A

Skeletal
Muscular
Circulatory
Nervous
Digestive
Excretory
Respiratory
Endocrine
Reproductive
Integumentary

31
Q

Skeletal System: use, organs, and why know it : (3)

A

Provides framework for the body:

Bones and joints

Protecting body mechanics and knowing physical landmarks for treatments

32
Q

Muscular System: use, organs, and why know it : (4)

A

Covers, shapes and supports skeletal tissue

Contracts and moves parts of body

Contains muscles

Important for massage and electrical treatments, as well to prevent injury

33
Q

Circulatory System: use, organs, and why know it : (3)

A

Moves blood through body delivering oxygen and nutrients

Contains heart and blood vessels and works with lymphatic channels

Affects skin health and involves lots of contraindications to services

34
Q

Nervous System: use, organs, and why know it : (3)

A

Carries messages coordinating body movement and functions

Includes brain, spinal cord, and nerves

Need to know location of facial nerves when doing treatment

35
Q

Digestive: use, organs, and why know it : (3)

A

Processes food, absorbs nutrients to the body, removes waste

Includes stomach, liver, gall bladder, intestines

Good nutrition allows optimal functioning of all body systems

36
Q

Excretory system: use, organs, and why know it : (3)

A

Controls water balance, removes waste from blood and excretes it

Includes kidneys, urinary bladder

Removes toxic substances that can affect system function

37
Q

Respiratory System: use, organs, and why know it : (3)

A

Breathing, supplies oxygen, removes CO2, delivers oxygen to blood

Includes lungs, trachea and nasal passage

Oxygen needed for optimal cell functioning – affects safety and cleanliness

38
Q

Endocrine System: use, organs, and why know it : (3)

A

Controls growth/development, sex, and regular processes of body

Includes specialized glands; pituitary gland, adrenal gland, pancreas

Hormones secreted effect skin, understanding helps recognize need for referral ; acne, hair growth, oiliness, dryness etc.

39
Q

Reproductive System: use, organs, and why know it : (3)

A

Generation of new life , passing genetics

Includes uterus, ovaries, penis and testes

Hormones and reproductions accompany puberty, menopause, pregnancy etc. Direct influence on skin requiring knowledge

40
Q

Integumentary System: use, organs, and why know it : (3)

A

Largest organ of the body, Covers and protects internal body structures, 1st defence

Includes skin and accessory organs; oil/sweat glands, sensory receptors, hair follicles, nails

Learning functions and work of skin and accessory organs is important for success

41
Q

What are the accessory organs to the skin:(4)

A

Nails

Hair

Sensory receptors

Oil and sweat glands

42
Q

How do 2 or more tissues combine to build an organ:(3)

A

Cells are grouped to carry out specific function

A group of cells that work together cell membranes communicate to form a tissue

Organs are formed by the functional grouping of multiple tissues with a distinctive shape

43
Q

What is oxidative stress: (1)

A

Disturbance in balance between free radicals and antioxidant defenses

44
Q

Signs of oxidative stress:(8)

A

Loss of collagen and elastin fibres

Fine wrinkles

loss of skin tone

texture changes

Trigger of dark spots and discoloration

Reduced barrier function of skin

More Sensitive

less moist

Human Anatomy (10 decks)

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