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Geriatrics > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Geriatrics?

A

the branch of medicine, which treats all problems peculiar to old age and the aging.

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2
Q

Aging is…

A

a process of gradual and spontaneous change, resulting in maturation through childhood, puberty, young adulthood and then decline through the middle and late life.

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3
Q

What is senescence

A

the process/condition of growing old, & ultimately leads to incompatibility w/ life and terminates in death.

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4
Q

Gerontology is…

A

the scientific study of problems of aging in all aspects, clinical, biological, historical and sociological.

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5
Q

Ederly (young-old) fall into what age range?

A

65-75

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6
Q

Old fall between the ages of…

A

76-90

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7
Q

Very old (old old) involves what age range?

A

over 90

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8
Q

What is life span?

A

the length of longest-lived member of a species.

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9
Q

What is life expectancy?

A

the length of time an average particular individual can expect to live, depending on his/her current age.

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10
Q

What is Hayflick’s limit/phenomenon?

A

cells lose their ability to divide over time. this is a limit to cellular replicative capacity. This limit appears to be 50 cell divisions.

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11
Q

What is apoptosis?

A

another way for cells to die. it appears to be a highly regulated orderly process by which cells commit suicide and is usually triggered by a physiologic signal.

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12
Q

what is programmed endpoint theory (Cellular duplication theory)?

A

Predetermined end, cells age and dies. Hayflick’s limit.

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13
Q

What is Somatic-mutations theory?

A

age causes mutations in cells which leads to young cells stopping duplication.

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14
Q

What is Free-Radical Theory?

A

Aging results from the random damage to the cells by highly reactive molecules called free radicals.

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15
Q

What is wear and tear theory?

A

cells and thus individuals wear out from continued use.

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16
Q

The fastest growing segment of the population is the?

A

“old-old” (those over 90)

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17
Q

What 2 main events are responsible for the population as a whole aging?

A

An increase in life expectancy and the aging of the population known as “baby-boomers” (those born after WWII from 1945-1966)

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18
Q

Women typically outlive men by how many years?

A

7

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19
Q

By age ___the ratio of men to women is

A

even

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20
Q

What is the dependency ratio?

A

the ratio of the number of persons in economically dependent segments of the population to the number of persons in economically productive segments of the population.

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21
Q

African Americans currently live on average how many years less than their white counter parts?

A

5-6 years

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22
Q

which group has the shortest life expectancy?

A

Native Americans

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23
Q

What age does social security kick in?

A

67

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24
Q

when can you join AARP?

A

50

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25
Q

When do senior discounts start?

A

55-60

26
Q

What age does Age Discrimination begin?

A

40

27
Q

What percentage of Americans over 65 are still in the workforce?

A

9%

28
Q

What year did FDR sign the Social Security Act?

A

1935

29
Q

T/F: SS was designed to be a major source of retirement income.

A

False

30
Q

What are the top 10 longevity treatments for older persons (aging successfully)?

A

Exercise, Don’t smoke, Five servings of fruits and veggies per day, vaccinations, drink 1-2 glasses of alcohol per day, get more than 3,000 units of Vit D, maintain systolic BP b/t 130-160 mmHg, avoid polypharmacy, eat fatty fish twice/week, fish oil or statin drugs for secondary prevention of CVD

31
Q

What is the goal of the physician?

A

to keep the elderly person functioning independently preserve lifestyles and self-respspect as long as possible

32
Q

_______ is the most important thing to slow down aging and frailty.

A

Movement

33
Q

The most important part of good communication is __________ and allowing the patient to express themselves

A

Good listening

34
Q

What is the acronym to use when asking patients questions regarding pain?

A

LO DR FICARA

35
Q

What are the leading causes of Morbidity among the elderly?

A

Arthritis, hypertension, haring probe, heart disease, cataracts, orthopedic probe, chronic sinusitis, diabetes, visual probe, varicose veins

36
Q

What are the leading causes of Mortality (death) among the elderly?

A

heart disease, cancer, CVA’s, respiratory probe, adverse drug reactions, accidents, diabetes, suicide, liver dz

37
Q

What are some s/s associated with cancer?

A

Cachexia(unwanted loss of weight, appetite, fatigue, weakness, muscle), night pain

38
Q

The national osteoporosis foundation presently recommends _______ mg of bit d per day to combat chronic illness?

A

800-1000

39
Q

Men tend to store fat in their _______ and this is called ___________.

A

upper, android obesity/apple shaped

40
Q

women tend to store fat in their ________ and this is called __________.

A

Lower body, gynoid type or pear shaped

41
Q

What are the ideal waist/hip ratios for men and women?

A

Men=at or less than 0.9

Women= at or less than 0.85

42
Q

5 major risk factors for abuse are…

A 
STRESS
ALCOHOLISM
VIOLENCE
EMOTIONS
DEPENDENCY
(SAVED)
43
Q

Risk factors and clues for the possibility of neglect include….

A

NEGLECTABUSE

44
Q

What are the 5 I’s?

A
  1. Intellectual Impairment
  2. Incontinence
  3. Instability
  4. Immobility
  5. Iatrogenic drug reactions
45
Q

40% of all hospital revenue comes from?

A

Medicare

46
Q

Medicare is for ______ only

A

symptom relief

47
Q

What is Part A of medicare

A

Hospital insurance

48
Q

What does part A cover?

A

inpatient hospital care, IP care in a skilled nursing facility, home care, hospice care, and custodial care if Rx’d

49
Q

What is part B of medicare

A

Supplementary medical insurance

50
Q

What does part B cover

A

outpatient hospital care (emergency department care, outpatient surgery) with certain restrictions (what Medicare considers Medically Necessary).

51
Q

What is part C of medicare?

A

Alternative programs

52
Q

what does part C cover?

A
  • AKA: Medicare + Choice - offers several alternatives to the traditional fee-for-service programs, such as Medicare managed care organization (HMO’s, PPO’s).
  • This is through Coventry, United Health Care, Advantage, and many more insurance companies.
  • There is now a Medicare Part D which is for additional “drug” coverage and will pay for certain medications that Medicare will not pay for.
53
Q

What is Medicade, who funds it?

A

pays for health services for certain categories of the poor. funded by a federal/state partnership. Federal government pays b/t 50-83% of payments

54
Q

Hypertension may be distinguished from pseudo hypertension (due to non-elastic atherosclerotic arteries) by performing ___________

A

Osler’s Maneuver

55
Q

Describe Osler’s Maneuver

A

inflate the BP cuff above the systolic pressure. Check the radial pulse. The pulse should be absent. If the pulse is still felt, the intra-arterial pressure may be lower than the BP (auscultation) which may indicate that there is sufficient arteriosclerosis to produce some degree of pseudo hypertension

56
Q

what is presbyopia?

A

inability to focus on near objects

57
Q

what is proptosis

A

bulging or prominence of eye

58
Q

what is presbycusis?

A

gradual, progressive hearing loss

59
Q

What is Hyposmia?

A

decrease in smell d/t age

60
Q

What does AGAIN IVE FALLEN mean?

A

any previous falls, gait/balance, ADL impairment, impaired cognition, number and type of meds

illness, vestibular fxn, eyes/ears

Feet, alcohol, leg weakness, low bp, environment, neurological

61
Q

What are some clinical balance tests?

A 
Romberg test
1 leg stand
get up and go
four squares test
walk while talking test
sternal nudge test
five chair-stands test

Geriatrics (2 decks)

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