Test 1

Question 1

What is anthropology?

Answer 1

Study of humans

Question 2

How many subfields does anthropology have?

Answer 2

4: Sociocultural, Linguistic, Biological/Physical, and Archaeology

Question 3

What is Archaeology?

Answer 3

A subfield of anthropology that studies past humans through material remains

Question 4

What is material culture?

Answer 4

The physical aspects of culture; things that can be touched

Question 5

Differences between archaeology and history?

Answer 5

History: Study of humans in the past through written records and those records have been around for 5,000 years
Archaeology: Study of humans in the past through material remains while humans have been around for nearly 3 million years

Question 6

What is prehistorical archaeology?

Answer 6

Study of humans before the advent of writing

Question 7

What is historical archaeology?

Answer 7

Study of humans before the advent of writing

Question 8

What is contemporary archaeology?

Answer 8

Study of humans in the recent past and present using material remains

Question 9

What’s the world’s oldest museum?

Answer 9

The Shosoin Repository in Nara, Japan

Question 10

When is the origin of archaeology?

Answer 10

Enlightenment Period (1600-1800)

Question 11

What is antiquarianism?

Answer 11

The collection and study of antiques, fascination with standing relics

Question 12

Who was Inigo Jones?

Answer 12

He argued Stonehenge was the remains of a Roman temple was found

Question 13

What is Herculaneum?

Answer 13

Site discovered by the Prince of Elbeuf where the complete Roman temple was found

Question 14

What is Pompeii?

Answer 14

In 1748, the site was discovered by the King and Queen of Naples which incited fascination with Roman structures

Question 15

Who is Carlos de Siguenza y Gongora?

Answer 15

Excavated Teotihuacan’s Pyramid of the Moon, Mexico cut a short tunnel into the platform of the pyramid

Question 16

Who is Bishop Jaime Martinez Companon?

Answer 16

In 1765, he excavated Huaca de Tantalluc, a mounded shrine in Peru, and recorded the site’s stratigraphy

Question 17

What is stratigraphy?

Answer 17

The layering of the archaeological deposits

Question 18

Who is Thomas Jefferson?

Answer 18

In 1784, he conducted excavations on a burial mound of his Monticello property, believed to be a burial site for Native American people

Question 19

What is scientific approach? (Thomas Jefferson)

Answer 19

The use of systematic digging and detail-oriented recording to understand the site’s stratigraphy

Question 20

What is uniformitarianism?

Answer 20

The past was like the present, especially in geological formations: meaning that the studies done in the present could explain the past

Question 22

Who is James Hutton?

Answer 22

18th-century Scottish geologist, “Father of Modern Geology” advanced the idea that past geological processes could be understood

Question 23

What is most archaeology driven by?

Answer 23

European colonialism

Question 24

Who is Jacques Boucher de Perthes?

Answer 24

He published hand axes found in association with extinct animals in France and established the existence of prehistoric humans in Europe

Question 25

What is lithics?

Answer 25

Human-created stone tools

Question 26

Who is C.J. Thompson?

Answer 26

Museum curator who groups artifacts by material (stone, bronze, iron) and creates the Three Age System

Question 27

What is the Three Age System?

Answer 27

A fundamental chronological system with dates based on geographical location

Question 28

What is the Stone-Age?

Answer 28

A prehistoric period when weapons and tools were made of stone or of organic materials such as bone, wood, or horn

Question 29

What is the Bronze-Age?

Answer 29

The time from around 2000 BC to 700 BC when people used bronze

Question 30

What is the Iron-Age?

Answer 30

The time from 1200 BC and 600 BC when people began making tools and weapons from iron and steel

Question 31

What is prehistory?

Answer 31

The time that stretches beyond biblical time (before 6,000 years ago) was found by John Lubbock

Question 32

Who is Charles Darwin?

Answer 32

He worked to establish the concepts of evolution, natural selection, and adaptation

Question 33

What is evolution?

Answer 33

The process of growth and development generally accompanied by increasing complexity

Question 34

What is natural selection?

Answer 34

Better-adapted individuals survive and reproduce, passing their adaptations

Question 35

Who is Lewis Binford?

Answer 35

Made the definition of culture

Question 36

What is culture?

Answer 36

The extra somatic (outside of the body) means adaptation for the human organism

Question 37

What is adaptation?

Answer 37

A trait of an organism that serves natural selection, can be and is used by archaeologists to define culture and explain social change over time

Question 38

What is social evolution?

Answer 38

When humans develop from simple to complex forms, traces of the development of human societies in an increasing complexity

Question 39

What is seriation dating?

Answer 39

Chronological ordering of a group of artifacts or assemblages

Question 40

What is relative dating?

Answer 40

Determining chronological sequences without the use of fixed dates

Question 41

Who is Napoleon Bonaparte?

Answer 41

From 1798 to 1800, campaigned in Egypt in an attempt to conquer the Levant, by doing so he brought people who introduced ancient Egypt to the Western world

Question 42

What is the Rosetta Stone?

Answer 42

Stone containing an inscription in three different languages