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comparative politics > test 1 > Flashcards

test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Webers def of state

A

A human community that successfully claims the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force within a given territory

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2
Q

Despotic power

A

the state elites coercively keep the means to undertake, without routine, negotiations with civil, social groups

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3
Q

Infrastructural power

A

Capacity to regulate groups and implement policies across the territory

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4
Q

3 dimensions of Inf. p: Capabilities Approach

A

The state has resources to eventually implement policies in civil society and exercise control across the territory

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5
Q

3 dimensions of Inf. p: Weight of the state

A

the states effects on society after they use their resources

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6
Q

3 dimensions of Inf. p: Subnational variation

A

the ability of the state to exercise control within its territory

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7
Q

Infrastructural power as the capabilities approach

A

fiscal resources, number of teachers, number of soldiers, number of buildings, number of tax collectors,

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8
Q

Infrastructural power as the weight of the state

A

how many people speak the language of the country

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9
Q

Subnational variations of infrastructural power

A

spread of schools, military posts, local origin of conscripted peasants in the territory

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10
Q

predatory view of the state

A

Predatory in a sense that it is an organization that uses violence and has to take resources from its people (taxes), the state wants to keep internal order defeat internal enemies and how states evolve over time

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11
Q

The substantive view of democracy

A

the outcomes that they produce and not just the institutions that they have

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12
Q

procedural view

A

classifies political regimes in regard to their institutions and procedures

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13
Q

contestation/competition

A

how people organize themselves and create their opinions/platforms

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14
Q

inclusion

A

the number of people allowed to participate in the contestant

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15
Q

Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland version of democracy

A

regimes in which governmental officials are filled as a consequence of contested elections

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16
Q

Dahl’s definition of democracy

A

would be their consideration of the institutions that make up a government

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17
Q

three components of contestation: ex ante uncertainty

A

the outcome of the election is unknown before it happens

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18
Q

three components of contestation: ex post irreversibility

A

the winner of the election takes office

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19
Q

three components of contestation: repeatability

A

elections happen with the same criteria and frequency

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20
Q

four rules to operationalize democracy

A

-the chief executive is elected
-the legislature is elected
-more than one party competing in the elections
- an alternation in power under identical electoral rules has taken place

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21
Q

Democracy- dictatorship measure two components: governmental offices

A

democracy must have both a chief executive office and a legislature, which are both elected

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22
Q

Democracy- dictatorship measure two components: Contestation

A

opposition that has some chance of winning office as a consequence of the election

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23
Q

The Polity IV Measure (Marshall, Gurr, and Jaggers) A

A

the competitiveness of executive recruitment

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24
Q

The Polity IV Measure (Marshall, Gurr, and Jaggers) B

A

the openness of executive recruitment

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25
Q

The Polity IV Measure (Marshall, Gurr, and Jaggers) C

A

constraints that exist on the executive

26
Q

The Polity IV Measure (Marshall, Gurr, and Jaggers) D

A

the regulation of political participation

27
Q

The Polity IV Measure (Marshall, Gurr, and Jaggers) E

A

the competitiveness of political participation

28
Q

Freedom House’s concept of democracy

A

political rights and civil rights

29
Q

Electoral principal

A

the role of elections as
a mechanism for making rulers responsive (and/or accountable) to citizens

30
Q

Liberal principal

A

the value of protecting individual
rights against state oppression and unrestricted majoritarian rule

31
Q

majoritarian principal

A

the will of the majority of the people should be sovereign. Accordingly, democracy is enhanced if political institutions ensure that the many prevail over the few

32
Q

consensual principle

A

political power should be widely dispersed and formal political institutions should encourage the inclusion of as many political perspectives as possible in
the decision-making process

33
Q

participatory principal

A

embraces the values of direct rule and active participation by citizens in politic

34
Q

deliberative principal

A

political decisions in pursuit of the public good should be informed by respectful and
reason-based dialogue rather than by emotional appeals or coercion

35
Q

egalitarian principle

A

a polity must ensure that all citizens possess equal
capacity to influence policy decision

36
Q

five components of the electoral principle

A

Elected officials, Clean elections,
Freedom of expression + alt source of info, Freedom of association, Inclusive suffrage

37
Q

Competitive authoritarianism not democracy because:

A

of Attacks on the electoral arena, civil liberties, and uneven playing field

38
Q

Competitive authoritarianism

A

Multiparty and regular elections

39
Q

Method of agreement

A

to see the result of the theory and see if all the cases share something in common

40
Q

regime

A

guides the state regarding individual freedom and collective equality, where power should reside, how leaders are elected, and how power should be used

41
Q

Competitive authoritarianism
is NOT a democracy because of…

A

Attacks on the electoral arena, uneven playing field, attack on civil liberties

42
Q

Four contextual variables that protect democracy

A

Strong check and balances, Institutionalized party system, no crisis, cleavage (lol) structure

43
Q

3 dimensions of state capacity

A

extractive, coercive, and administrative capacity.

44
Q

Traditional Coups

A

(1) illegal and overt attempts by (2) the military or other elites within the state apparatus to (3) unseat the sitting executive

45
Q

components of state capacity

A

plentiful resources, administrative-military control of a territory, and loyal and skilled officials

46
Q

extractive capacity

A

The extent of the state’s ability to collect tax revenue is a key component underpinning state capac-
ity.

47
Q

coerisve capacity

A

despotic’ power,
refers to the ‘range of actions which the elite is empowered to undertake without routine, institutionalized negotiation with civil society groups

48
Q

power vertical

A

the hierarchical subordination of regional governors and city mayors; the prohibition of
open political competition between local elites; and the co-optation of regional elites into the ‘party
of power

49
Q

Administrative capacity

A

a range of state tasks such as developing policy, producing and delivering public goods and
services, and regulating commercial activity

50
Q

Charles Tilly def of state

A

relatively centralized, differentiated organizations, the officials of which, more or less, successfully claim control over the chief concentrated means of violence within a population inhabiting a large contiguous territory

51
Q

Oliver North’s def of state

A

A state is an organization with a comparative advantage in violence, extending over a geographic area whose boundaries are determined by its power to tax constituents.

52
Q

4 primary activities of the state

A

war making, extraction, state making, protection

53
Q

basic definition of “democracy” for the Varieties of Democracy

A

political way of government in which rule of law is determined by the people in some form or another

54
Q

personality cult

A

although often supported by a party or the military, retains personal control of policy decisions and the selection of regime personnel

55
Q

democratic erosion

A

incremental erosion of institutions, rules, and norms that results from the actions of duly elected governments

56
Q

three interrelated causal factors for democratic erosion

A
  • social and political polarization contributes to government
    dysfunction and lack of trust in institutions
    -effect of polarization on back-
    sliding -> capturing executive/ judicial
    -democratic backsliding is incremental in nature, which provides tactical advantage to incumbents
57
Q

polarization

A

political elites and public become increasingly divided over public policy and ideology

58
Q

four V-Dem indicators allowed an initial assessment of the level and path of polarization:

A

a general estimate of social
polarization
-the use of hate speech by political parties
-the strength of anti system social movements
-whether political elites respect counterarguments

59
Q

three different sources of polarization

A

economic crises and structural changes induced by economic reforms, greater openness to trade, and skills-biased
technological change

60
Q

y polarization bad

A

-government is less likely to function efficiently
-parties are more likely to become extreme
-“us-versus-them” mentality in voters

61
Q

executive control over the legislature

A

the weaker the legislature, the
more susceptible the system is to backsliding (more control over policy/ laws)

62
Q

gaining a legislative majority augmented the executive’s
power in three ways

A
  • eliminated an important
    source of oversight, easier for the executive to misuse
    bureaucracy/ deploy public resources
    -legislatures expanded/ extended executive powers, ex: constitutional amendments or the drafting of
    new constitutions
    -compliant legislatures acquiesced in steps that
    directly weakened or dismantled institutions of horizontal accountability

comparative politics (1 decks)

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