Test 1 Flashcards
What is a project
A project consists of a series of activities having the following characteristics:
- The project and end date
- It has well-defined objectives (what are we trying to achieve)
- It achieves a specific product or result
- It is unique and non-repetitive (temporary)
- Cost, time schedules and resources are consumed (resources, labour equipment, material)
Project vs Operation
Operation are ongoing and repetitive (mass production)
Projects are unique (single time)
Ultimate goal of a construction project
To complete the project successfully (profitably) within the project parameters
1. Time
2. Money
3. Quality
4 aspects of a project
- Scope of work; What is included? (What do you want)
- Time: Schedule, Start/Finish, Milestone dates, etc.
- Quality: Characteristics of products, testing and inspections according to specifications
- Cost: budget, Cost control, Payments, Cash flow
If you change one aspect of a project? With example
It affects another one. Example: Melamine counters to granite = SCOPE, new counters will take longer time = TIME, QUALITY is different therefore COST changes aswell.
In the PMI, Scope, Time, Cost and Quality are referred to as ? Other ? include
Areas of knowledge
-Integration management
-Human resources
-Communications
-Risk
-Procurement
Examples of a project
-Developing software
-Deigning transportation vehicle
-Construction of a new building or bridge
4 main phases in a project
- Feasibility
(Project formulation, feasibility studies, strategy design and approval)
-Planning and design
(Base design, cost and schedule, contract terms and conditions, detailed planning)
-Construction
(Manufacturing, delivery, civil works, installation, testing)
-Turnover and Close-Out
(Final testing, maintenance)
What are the intermediary steps between phases
1 to 2: Project GO decision
2 to 3: Major contracts let
3 to 4: Installation substantially complete
4: Full operations
Feasibility
A study to determine if a project is viable: Market study, population growth, incomes, environmental impact, preliminary budget, schedule
Planning and design
The project is designed, costs and schedule are determined. Contracts are given out: Preparation of Bid documents
Construction
Manufacturing and delivering the product, installation and testing, detailed schedule
Turnover and Close-Out
-Final testing and approvals
-Correction of deficiencies
-Contract and document close-out
-Turn-over of facilities to owner: As builts, guarantees
Planning
Determine the order in which the activities are to take place.
Determine what is to be done. Make a WBS. Make a list of activities. Determine durations for said activities.
Concurrent activities
Activities that can occur at the same time (do not depend on each other)
Sequential
Activities which depend on the completion of another activity
Critical path method
Technique used to predict project duration by analyzing which sequence of activities has the least amount of float.
General Guidelines
- Evaluate activities one at a time
- For each activity, assume a normal level of personnel and or equipment
- If time units of working days are being used, assume a normal workday of 8 hours
- Do not include overtime or double shifts
- Concentrate on estimating the duration of the individual activity and ignore all other time considerations. (Avoid making the project fit into a pre-determined time frame)
- Use constant time units throughout (When using working days as time units, weekends and holidays are not included)
- Use appropriate time units: Construction project (days)
Manufacturer (shop hours)
City planning (Weeks)
Tools and techniques for estimating activity duration
- Expert judgment: consultants, workers and technical associations
- Analogous estimating: top down estimating, based on past projects
- Quantitatively based durations: the quantities are taken off and the productivity rates are sued to estimate the activity durations
- Reserve time (contingency): To account for lost weather days, soil conditions, etc.
Advanced calculations of durations for estimating activity duration involve?
The use of statistics and probabilities of the use of weighted average PERT.
