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AP Bio > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

hydroxyl group

A

OH-

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2
Q

Carbonyl group

A

C–O

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3
Q

Carboxyl group

A

COOH

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4
Q

Amino group

A

NH2

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5
Q

Sulfhydryl group

A

SH

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6
Q

Methyl group

A

H-C-H-H

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7
Q

Phosphate group

A

OPO2- 3

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8
Q

macromolecules

A

carbohydrates
proteins
nucleic acids
lipids

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9
Q

carbohydrates

A

-carbonyl group
-hydroxyl groups
-CHO

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10
Q

proteins

A

-consist of polypeptides
–polymers of amino acids
-CHONS
-shape determines function

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11
Q

peptide bonds

A

carboxyl group of one AA next to amino group of another AA

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12
Q

functions of proteins

A

antibody-protect from disease
enzyme-carry out chemical reactions/assist in new molecules
messenger-transmit signals
structural-provide structure and support
transport/storage-carry atoms through body

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13
Q

primary structure of protein

A

linear chain of AA
-determined by genes
-dictates secondary and tertiary forms

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14
Q

secondary structure of protein

A

coils and folds due to hydrogen bonding
-beta pleated sheet-hydrogen bonds between polypeptide chains lying side by side
-alpha helix-hydrogen bonds between every 4th AA

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15
Q

tertiary structure of protein

A

3D folding due to interactions between AA
-reinforced by hydrophobic interactions and disulfide bridges

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16
Q

quaternary structure of protein

A

association of two or more polypeptides

17
Q

Nucleic acids

A

polymers-nucleotide monomers
-store, transmit, express hereditary info
-DNA,RNA

18
Q

3 parts of nucleotides

A

-nitrogenous base
-five carbon sugar
-phosphate group

19
Q

pyrimidines

A

one ring with 6 atoms

20
Q

purines

A

one ring with 6 atoms bonded to one ring with 5 atoms

21
Q

nucleotide

A

phosphate group added to 5’ carbon of sugar

22
Q

lipids

A

don’t include true polymers
-nonpolar-hydrophobic
-fats
-phospholipids
-steroids

23
Q

fats

A

-glycerol-alcohol (hydroxyl groups)
-fatty acids-long carbon chains (carboxyl group at one end)

24
Q

saturated fat

A

no double bonds between carbons

25
Q

unsaturated fat

A

one or more double bonds between carbons

26
Q

phospholipids

A

2+ fatty acids attached to a glycerol and phosphate

27
Q

phospholipid bilayer

A

-tails-hydrophobic
-head-hydrophilic

28
Q

steroids

A

lipids that have four fused rings

AP Bio (2 decks)

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