Test 1 Flashcards
hydroxyl group
OH-
Carbonyl group
C–O
Carboxyl group
COOH
Amino group
NH2
Sulfhydryl group
SH
Methyl group
H-C-H-H
Phosphate group
OPO2- 3
macromolecules
carbohydrates
proteins
nucleic acids
lipids
carbohydrates
-carbonyl group
-hydroxyl groups
-CHO
proteins
-consist of polypeptides
–polymers of amino acids
-CHONS
-shape determines function
peptide bonds
carboxyl group of one AA next to amino group of another AA
functions of proteins
antibody-protect from disease
enzyme-carry out chemical reactions/assist in new molecules
messenger-transmit signals
structural-provide structure and support
transport/storage-carry atoms through body
primary structure of protein
linear chain of AA
-determined by genes
-dictates secondary and tertiary forms
secondary structure of protein
coils and folds due to hydrogen bonding
-beta pleated sheet-hydrogen bonds between polypeptide chains lying side by side
-alpha helix-hydrogen bonds between every 4th AA
tertiary structure of protein
3D folding due to interactions between AA
-reinforced by hydrophobic interactions and disulfide bridges
quaternary structure of protein
association of two or more polypeptides
Nucleic acids
polymers-nucleotide monomers
-store, transmit, express hereditary info
-DNA,RNA
3 parts of nucleotides
-nitrogenous base
-five carbon sugar
-phosphate group
pyrimidines
one ring with 6 atoms
purines
one ring with 6 atoms bonded to one ring with 5 atoms
nucleotide
phosphate group added to 5’ carbon of sugar
lipids
don’t include true polymers
-nonpolar-hydrophobic
-fats
-phospholipids
-steroids
fats
-glycerol-alcohol (hydroxyl groups)
-fatty acids-long carbon chains (carboxyl group at one end)
saturated fat
no double bonds between carbons
