Test 1

Question 0

Biological psychology

Answer 0

Also called behavioral neuroscience, brain and behavior, and psychological psychology. The study of the biological bases of psychological processes and behavior.

Question 1

Neuroscience

Answer 1

The scientific study of the nervous system.

Question 2

Dualism

Answer 2

The notion, promoted by Rene Descartes, that the mind has an immaterial aspect that is distinct from the material body and brain.

Question 3

Phrenology

Answer 3

The belief that bumps on the skull reflect enlargements of brain regions responsible for certain behavioral facilities.

Question 4

Localization of function

Answer 4

The concept that different brain regions specialize in specific behaviors.

Question 5

Ontogeny

Answer 5

The process by which an individual changes in the course of its lifetime- that is, grows up and grows old.

Question 6

Neuron

Answer 6

Also called nerve cell. The basic unit of the nervous system.

Question 7

Neuroplasticity / neural plasticity

Answer 7

The ability of the nervous system to change in response to experience or the environment.

Question 8

Adult neurogenesis

Answer 8

The creation of new neurons in the brain of an adult.

Question 9

Social neuroscience

Answer 9

A field of study that uses the tools of neuroscience to discover the biological bases of social behavior, and the effects of social circumstances on brain activity.

Question 10

Evolutionary psychology

Answer 10

A field of study devoted to asking how natural selection has shaped behavior in humans and other animals.

Question 11

Eppi genetics

Answer 11

The study of factors that affect gene expression without making any changes in the. Nucleotide sequence of the genes themselves.

Question 12

Gene expression

Answer 12

The turning on or off of specific genes.

Question 13

Neuroeconomics

Answer 13

The study of brain mechanisms that. Work during economic decision making.

Question 14

Consciousness

Answer 14

The state of awareness of one’s own existence, thoughts, emotions, and experiences.

Question 15

Somatic intervention

Answer 15

An approach to finding relations between body variables and Behavioral variables that involve manipulating body structure or function and looking for resultant changes in behavior.

Question 16

Independent variable

Answer 16

The factor that is manipulated by an experimenter.

Question 17

Dependent variable

Answer 17

The factor that the experimenter measures to monitor a change in response to changes in an independent variable.

Question 18

Control group

Answer 18

A group of research subjects that are identical to an experimental (or test) group in every way except that they do not receive the experimental treatment or manipulation. The experimental group is then compared to the control group to assess the effect of the treatment.

Question 19

Within-subjects experiment

Answer 19

An experiment in which the same set of subjects is compared before and after an experimental manipulation. The subjects thus serve as their own controls.

Question 20

Between-subjects experiment

Answer 20

An experiment in which a group of experimental subjects is compared with a control group of individuals who have been treated identically in every way except that they haven’t received the experimental manipulation.

Question 21

Behavioral interventions

Answer 21

An approach to finding relations between body variables and behavioral variables that involves intervening in the behavior in an organism and looking for resultant changes in body structure and function.

Question 22

Correlation

Answer 22

The covariant ion of two measures.

Question 23

Negative correlation

Answer 23

A covariant ion of two measures in which one of the two usually goes up when the other gooses down (and vise versa).

Question 24

Positive correlation

Answer 24

A covariant ion of two measures in which they both usually increase together, or always decrease together.

Question 25

Causality

Answer 25

The relation of cause and effect, such that we can conclude that an experimental manipulation has specifically caused an observed result.

Question 26

Reductionism

Answer 26

The scientific strategy of dreaming a system down into increasingly smaller parts in order to understand it.

Question 27

Level of analysis

Answer 27

The scope of experimental approaches. A scientist may try to understand behavior by monitoring molecules, nerve cells, brain regions, or social environments, or using some combination of these levels of analysis.