Test 1

Question 1

Boot process and Bootloader Role

Answer 1

• The boot process is the sequence of steps that occur when a computer is powered on or restarted
• The bootloader is a program that initiates the boot process by loading the operating system into the memory

Question 2

User vs Kernel Processes

Answer 2

• User processes are applications and program executed by users, while kernel processes are essential system processes that manage hardware and provide core operating system functionality

Question 3

Role of an Operating System

Answer 3

• An operating system manages hardware resources, provides an interface for user applications and ensures that multiple process can run efficiency and securely on a computer

Question 4

API in Operating Systems

Answer 4

• An API (Application Programming Interface) should interact with the operating system. OS vendors typically provide API’s and developers write software that use these API to access OS services

Question 5

Kernel

Answer 5

The kernel is the core part of the operating system that interacts directly with hardware, manages process and provides essential services

Question 6

Hardware Impact on OS

Answer 6

The hardware of a computer significantly influences what an operating system can do. Hardware limitations can affect performance, capabilities and compatibility

Question 7

Operating System Services

Answer 7

These are functionalities provided by the operating system to support various tasks such as process management, file management and communication between processes

Question 8

Process Control Block (PCB)

Answer 8

A PCB is a data structure used by the kernel to store information about a process, including its current state, program counter and CPU register

Question 9

Kernel Operations with PCB

Answer 9

A Process Control Block (PCB) is a data structure used by the operating system to store information about a process. It serves as a container for various pieces of information related to a process’s execution, state, and resource utilization. Kernel operations involving PCBs are essential for process management and multitasking.

Question 10

Context Switches

Answer 10

Context Switch involve saving the state of a running process and loading the state of another process. They exist to enable multitasking and the efficient sharing of CPU resources

Question 11

Interprocess Communication (IPC)

Answer 11

IPC methods allow processes to exchange data and communicate with each other. Examples includes pipes, sockets and shared memory

Question 12

System Calls

Answer 12

System calls are interfaces provides by the operating system that allow user to process to request OS system such as file I/O, process creation and network communication

Question 13

Process States

Answer 13

Process can be in various states like running, ready or blocked depending on their current activity

Question 14

Interrupts

Answer 14

are signals sent by hardware devices to request the CPU attentions. The operating system handles interrupts to manage hardware events

Question 14

Roles of Threads

Answer 14

Thread are lightweight process within a single process. They allow for concurrent execution of code within a processes

Question 15

OS Management of Thread

Answer 15

The OS manages threads, scheduling them for execution on available CPU cores

Question 16

Threads vs Processes

Answer 16

Threads withing a processes share the same memory space, while process have separate memory spaces. This makes communication between thread more efficient but require careful synchronization

Question 17

Threading Models

Answer 17

Threading models define how threads are created and managed. Examples include user level threads and kernel level threads