Test 1 Flashcards
The application of statistical principles in medicine, public health, or biology.
biostatistics
Virtually all statistics are an ().
estimate or guess
(prevalence or incidence) exposed/unexposed
relative risk
A field of study focused on the study of health and illness in human populations, patterns of health or disease, and the factors that influence these patterns.
epidemiology
More effective from a statistical viewpoint; Intervening and measuring a response happens here; participants are, with no selectiveness, put into one of several comparison treatments or groups.
randomized controlled trial or experimental design
What is an example of a randomized controlled trial?
clinical trial
The methodology that is used to collect the information to address the research question.
study design
In what type of study do we observe a phenomenon?
observational studies
A study conducted at a single point in time; appropriate design when research question is focused on prevalence of disease, a present practice, or an opinion between participant groups; nonrandomized.
cross-sectional study
A study conducted to study the exposure or risk factor status of participants looking back in time.
retrospective cohort study
A distortion of the effect of an exposure or risk factor on the outcome by other characteristics.
confounding
Study often used in epidemiological research when seeing if there is an association between a particular risk factor or exposure and an outcome, particularly for a rare outcome.
case-control study
Clinical trials which include multiple study centers
Multicenter trials
number of persons with disease / the number of persons examined at baseline
point prevalence
number of persons who develop a disease during a specified period / number of persons at risk at baseline
cumulative incidence
possibility of going from disease free to diseased
hazard
number of persons who develop disease during a specified period / sum of lengths of time during which persons are disease-free
incidence rate
(PP/CI/IR) exposed - unexposed
risk difference
(PP/CI/IR) (overall-unexposed)/overall
population attributable risk
(PP/CI) exposed/unexposed
relative risk or risk ratio
IRexposed/IRunexposed
rate ratio
(CI/PP) (exposed/1-exposed)/(unexposed/1-unexposed)
odds ratio
Subset of individuals from the population
sample
Another name for characteristics in a study
variables, outcomes, endpoints
() variables only have two responses
dichotomous
() variables have more than two possible responses and are ordered
ordinal