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psych 301 > test 1 > Flashcards

test 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

hippocampus

A

memory

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2
Q

sulci

A

indentations/grooves

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3
Q

gyri

A

folds/bumps

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4
Q

Hindbrain

A

metencephalon and myelencephalon

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5
Q

Midbrain

A

mesencephalon

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6
Q

forebrain

A

diencephalon and telencephalon

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7
Q

coronal

A

front and back

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8
Q

horizontal

A

top and bottom

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9
Q

sagittal

A

right and left

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10
Q

grey matter

A

in the brain and spinal cord is made up of cell bodies.

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11
Q

white matter

A

is composed of densely packed nerve fiber (Myelinated Axons)

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12
Q

thalamus

A

relays sensory signals, controls alertness and consciousness. in dicenpholen

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13
Q

hypothalamus

A

regulates metabolism, circadian rhythms, communicates with the pituitary gland. in dicenpholen

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14
Q

cerbeal peduncles

A

contain the ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) nerve tracts

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15
Q

cerebellum

A

motor control, especially essential/repetitive processes

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16
Q

pons

A

breathing, involuntary actions, internal functions

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17
Q

medulla

A

autonomic functions (vomiting, coughing…), more breathing

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18
Q

What does it mean if a reigion is active

A

the neurons are active

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19
Q

Gila

A

Play supporting (but vital!) functions: to nourish, insulate, and regulate

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20
Q

Neurons

A

Responsible for processing information
Have excitable membranes
Allows active conduction of electrical signals

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21
Q

The sciatic nerve is made up of-

A

Axons

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22
Q

axon

A

initiates, conducts and transmits the output signal: action potential

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23
Q

axon hillock

A

where action potentials are initiated

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24
Q

axon terminals

A

where signals are passed to the next cell

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25
Q

action potential

A

the basic unit of language used by the brain to hold and process information

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26
Q

How do neurons send signals

A

Synapses

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27
Q

Information is carried within a neuron via _ signals

A

Electrical

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28
Q

Information is passed between neurons via _ signals

A

Chemical

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29
Q

At what voltage are most Na+ opening

A

-55mv

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30
Q

At what point do K+ close

A

refectory period

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31
Q

radial gila

A

act as ladders for developing neural cells as they migrate from ventricular zones to final destination

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32
Q

ependymal cells

A

ciliated cells lining spinal cord and ventricles, facilitate CSF flow

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33
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

ensheath axons of CNS neurons in myelin. Also provide metabolic support.

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34
Q

Astrocytes

A

control endothelial cells and mediate blood-brain barrier, nutrient support of many neurons, regulate synapses, aid in neural scarring

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35
Q

microgila

A

maintain activity in homeostasis, activated by neuronal damage and infection, chief mediator of neuroimmune response

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36
Q

Behaviors that are necessary for cognitive functions and personality are most likely found in the _

A

forebrain

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37
Q

processing of sound and memory both rely on structures located in the

A

temporal lobe

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38
Q

The right hemisphere controls the _ side of the body

A

contralateral and left

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39
Q

two primary divisons of the nervous system

A

Central and Peripihial

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40
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

involuntary systems

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41
Q

somatic nervous systems

A

voluntary systems

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42
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

fight or flight

43
Q

parasympathetic

A

controlls bodily functions when a person is at rest, stimulates digesting and motabilism

44
Q

afferent

A

sensory neurons that carry messages to the central nervous system

45
Q

efferent

A

motor neurons that carry messages from the central nervous system to the skelatal muscles of the body

46
Q

dendrites

A

receive inputs from other cells

47
Q

soma

A

contains organelles that allow the neuron to function

48
Q

axon terminals

A

transmit the output signal to other cells

49
Q

myelin

A

insulates the axon, allowing signals to travel faster

50
Q

axon

A

carries output signals to other cells

51
Q

electrical (action potential)

A

signal within a neuron

52
Q

chemical (synapses)

A

signal passed between neurons

53
Q

mind-brain problem

A

is the mind-brain separate entities or inseperable

54
Q

monism

A

the body and mind are qualitatively the same

55
Q

dualism

A

the body and mind are separate. The body is material, the mind is non-material

56
Q

Egypt dualism

A

Egyptians believed an individual was made up of eight distinct parts

57
Q

Alcmaeon of croton

A

dissection of cadavers revealed a physical linkage between the eyes and the brain

58
Q

hydraulic theory

A

an animal spirit moves through ventricles of the brain

59
Q

Avicenna

A

defined things like insomnia, mania, eplilepsy, stroke, published first medical textbook.

60
Q

Descrates

A

“i think therefore i am”

61
Q

Galvani

A

elctrical stimulation of the muscles produced contractions

62
Q

von helmoholtz

A

measured the speed of conductance at 90 feet/second

63
Q

fritsch and hitzig

A

electrical stimulation of the brain in certain areas produced contraction of specific muscles on the opposite side of the body

64
Q

Phineas Gage

A

had damage to his frontal lobe and had impairments in personality and social conduct

65
Q

Broca

A

found that damage within a small area of the frontal lobe caused severe impairment in speech production

66
Q

Gail and Spurzheim

A

believed personality characteristics were located in specific areas of the brain

67
Q

dorsal

A

top part

68
Q

ventral

A

lower part

69
Q

anterior or rostral

A

front

70
Q

posterior or caudal

A

back

71
Q

Loss of function study

A

can learn about what functions a structure contributes to by observing what happens that structure is damaged

72
Q

first step to occur during an AP

A

voltage-gated potassium channels open

73
Q

Hindbrain

A

Brainstem, cerebellum, spinal cord. Vital life functions and motor processing.

74
Q

Pons

A

contain nuclei that deal primarily with sleep, arousal, respiration, swallowing, bladder control, hearing, equilibrium, taste.

75
Q

Medulla

A

control things like cardiac and respiratory centers.

76
Q

Midbrain

A

part of the brainstem, that is associated with sleep and temperature regulation.

77
Q

ventricles

A

hollow spaces filled with cerebrospinal fluid

78
Q

basal ganglia

A

regulates motivated behaviors

79
Q

Limbic system

A

emotional processing

80
Q

frontal lobe

A

executive control, mood, decision making

81
Q

parietal lobe

A

special awareness, physical sensastion

82
Q

temporal lobe

A

hearing and language

83
Q

occipital lobe

A

vision

84
Q

Wernickes area

A

speech comprehnsion, reading and writing

85
Q

broca

A

speech production

86
Q

hemispatial neglect syndrome

A

damage to the right frontal-parietal lobe, have a lack of awareness for things that occur in their left visual space

87
Q

spinal cord

A

carries commands from the brain to the muscles

88
Q

corpus callousm

A

communication between the hemispheres

89
Q

brainstem

A

breathing and maintaining heart rate

90
Q

meninges

A

protect the brain and spinal cord

91
Q

blood-brain barrier

A

limits passage between the bloodstream and the brain

92
Q

limbic system

A

process and regulate emotion

93
Q

motor cortex

A

begins the process of a movement

94
Q

blindsight

A

the ability of blind individuals to respond to visual stimuli that are outside conscious awareness

95
Q

prosopagnosia

A

the ability to recognize familiar faces

96
Q

resting potential

A

no ion flow

97
Q

deporalarzation

A

Na+ enters cell, voltage becomes more positive

98
Q

Repolarazation/Hyperolarazation

A

K+ flows out of the cell, voltage becomes more negative

99
Q

Return to resting state

A

sodium-potassium pumps return Na+ and K+ to their original sides, restoring resting potential.

100
Q

EPSP

A

Depolarazation, brings post-synaptic cell closer to AP threshold

101
Q

IPSP

A

Hyperpolarazation, pushes post-synapic cell further away from AP threshold.

102
Q

Ionotropic

A

open in response to the binding of a neurotransmiter

103
Q

Metabotropic

A

G-protein-gated

104
Q
A

psych 301 (1 decks)

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