Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

criminal Justice > test 1 > Flashcards

test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Criminal Law

A

Laws that define criminal acts and how such acts will be punished

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Three Strikes Law

A

A crime control strategy whereby an officer who commits three or more violent offenses will be sentenced to a lengthy term in prison: Usually 25 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Arrest

A

: The taking into custody or detaining of one who is suspected of committing a crime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Prosecution

A

(Lawyer for police officer and victim) To bring charges against an individual based on probable cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Adjunction

A

Legal resolution of a dispute by s judge or jury. Used in Juvenile processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Arraignment

A

: Accused informed of charges, advised of rights of criminal defendants, asked to enter a plea to the charges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sanction

A

Punishment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Appellate Review

A

Following trial and sentencing, a defendant may appeal his or her conviction or sentence by requesting that a higher court review the arrest and trial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Death Penalty cases

A

Automatic appeals of conviction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Corrections

A

: Offenders sentenced to incarceration serve time in a local jail or state prison

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Indeterminate sentence

A

Scheme whereby one is sentenced for a flexible time period (e.g 5-10 years) to be released when rehabilitated or when the opportunity for rehabilitation is presented

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Determinate sentence

A

: A specific, fixed-period sentence ordered by a court (8 years)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Parole

A

: Early release from prison, with conditions attached and under supervision of a parole agency. Prisoner may become eligible for parole after serving a portion of indeterminate sentence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

State offenses

A
  • such as truancy and running away
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ethics

A

: A set of rules or values that spell out appropriate human conduct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

State Decisis

A

: Latin for “to stand by a decision”, Precedent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Mens Rea

A

Intent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Atus Reus

A

The act

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

criminal law

A

: Body of law defines criminal offenses and prescribes punishments for their infractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Motive

A

The reason for committing a crime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Felony

A

: A serious offense with a possible sentence of more than a year in prison

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Civil law

A

: All noncriminal law, applies to civil matters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Misdemeanor

A

A lesser offense, punishable by a fine or up to one year in local jail.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Plaintiff

A

Party bringing a lawsuit or initiating a legal action against someone else

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Defendant
: A person charged with a crime
26
Victimless crimes
- called these since many involve consensual activates or do not involve clearly identifiable victims
27
NCVS- (National Crime Victimization Survey)
A random survey of U.S households that measures crimes committed against victims: includes crimes not reported to police
28
Burden of proof
Requirement state must meet to introduce evidence or establish facts. Which is beyond a reasonable doubt
29
White Collar crime
Crimes committed by individuals in the course of their professions or occupations
30
NIBRS
The national incident based- reported system
31
Reasonable Doubt
Standard used by jurors to arrive at a verdict, whether or not the government (prosecutor) has established guilt beyond a reasonable doubt
32
Sustantive Law
: Body of law that spells out elements of criminal acts. (What is underaged drinking- spelled out)
33
Crime Rate
The number of reported crimes divided by the population of the jurisdiction, and multiplied by 100,000 persons; developed and used by the FBI Uniform Crime Reports
34
Procedural Law
Rules that set forth how substantive laws are to be enforced. Laws concerning arrest, search and seizure are to be enforced
35
UCR
Collects crimes reported to the police
36
Legal Jurisdiction
The authority to make legal decisions and judgements, often based on geographic area (territory) or the type of case in question
37
Hierarchy Rule
: The practice whereby only the most serious offense of several that are committed during a criminal act is reported by the police
38
Ethics
moral principles that govern a person's behavior or the conducting of an activity
39
Absolute Ethics
- The type of ethics where there are only two sides-good bad; black or white
40
Relative Ethics
The gray area of ethics that is not so clear cut
41
Gratuities
-it is the receipt of some benefit either for free or for a reduced price
42
Police Corruption
- Misconduct by police officers that can involve but is not limited to illegal activities for economic gain, gratuities, favors, and so on
43
Slippery slope
- It is the idea that a small first step can lead to more serious behaviors
44
prosecutorial misconduct
when in the course of their official duties a prosecutor violates a law or code of professional conduct
45
Robbery
the action of taking property unlawfully from a person or place by force or threat of force.
46
Burglary
entry into a building illegally with intent to commit a crime, especially theft.
47
Carjacking
- A person commits a felony of the first degree if he steals or takes motor vehicle from another person in the presence of that person or any other person in lawful possession of the motor vehicle.
48
First amendment
The United States Constitution protects the right to freedom of religion and freedom of expression from government interference
49
Second amendment
“A well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.”
50
The thin blue line
the line which keeps society from descending into violent chaos
51
Justice of the Peace/ District Magistrate
- Minor justice official who oversees lesser criminal trials
52
Sherrif
- Chief law enforcement officer of a country
53
Constable
Forerunners of the modern-day U.S criminal justice functionaries
54
Coroner
Early English court officer, duty to determine cause of heath. In US usually a physician
55
Political Era
Officers hired more on who they knew rather than what they knew
56
Reform Era
Policing became a matter viewed as best left to the discretion of police executives
57
Community Era
Police retrained to work with community to solve problems through tailored response to underlying causes
58
Civil Service System
created to eliminate patronage and ward influences in hiring and firing
59
Coast Guard
Nation’s leading maritime law enforcement agency
60
Municipal police
-provide a range of enforcement, investigative, and order-maintenance functions
61
Federal Law Enforcement agencies
Department of Justice headed by attorney general
62
August Volmer and what he is famous for
his career was a major factor in the shaping and development of police professionalism
63
Chain of Command
Vertical and horizontal power relations within an organization

criminal Justice (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions