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Child development > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Nuclear family

A

Two generational household unit consisting of one or two parents and their biological, adopted, or stepchildren

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2
Q

Ethnic group

A

A group united by ancestry, race, religion, language, or national origin that contributes to a sense of shared identity

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3
Q

Historical Generation

A

A group of people strongly influenced by major historical event during their formative period

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4
Q

Imprinting

A

Instinctive form of learning in which, during a critical period in early development, a young animal farms in attachment to the first moving object it sees, usually the mother

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5
Q

Critical period

A

Specific time and in which a given event or its absence has a profound or specific to impact on development

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6
Q

Heredity

A

Inborn characteristics inherited from the biological parents

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7
Q

Operant conditioning

A

Learning based on association of behaviour with its consequences.

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8
Q

Classical conditioning

A

Learning based on association of a stimulus that does not ordinary illicit the particular response with another stimulus that does elicit a response

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9
Q

Assimilation

A

Piaget’s term for incorporation of new information into an existing cognitive structure.

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10
Q

Accommodation

A

Piaget’s term for adjustment to new information about the environment.

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11
Q

Scaffolding

A

Temporary support to help a child master a task.

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12
Q

Correlational study

A

Research design intended to discover weather statusical relationship between variables exist.

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13
Q

Longitudinal study

A

Study designed to assess changes in a sample overtime.

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14
Q

Cross sectional study

A

Study designed age related differences, in which people of different ages are assessed on one occasion

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15
Q

Zygote

A

One celled organism resulting from fertilization.

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16
Q

Mitosis

A

The process by which a cell replicated chromosomes and then segregate them, producing two identical nuclei in preparation for cell division.

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17
Q

Meiosis

A

A type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes.

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18
Q

Artificial insemination

A

A procedure for treating infertility by directly injecting sperm into the uterus.

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19
Q

Homozygous

A

Possessing two identical alleles for a trait.

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20
Q

Heterozygous

A

Possessing different alleles for a trait.

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21
Q

Epigenesis

A

Mechanism that turns genes on or off and determines functions of body cells

22
Q

Phenotype

A

Observable characteristics of a person

23
Q

Genotype

A

Generic makeup of a person, containing both expressed unexpressed characteristics

24
Q

Cephalocaudal

A

Development proceeds in a head to tail direction; that is, the other parts of the body develop before lower parts of the truck.

25
Q

Proximodistal

A

Development proceeds from within to without; that is, the parts of the body near the centre develop before the extremities.

26
Q

Teratogens

A

Environmental agent, such as virus, drugs, or radiation, that can interfere with normal prenatal development and caused developmental abnormalities.

27
Q

Amniocentesis

A

A test run during pregnancy; during amniocentesis, an ultrasound wand (transducer) Is used to show a baby’s position in the uterus on a monitor, and a sample of amniotic fluid, which contains foetal cells and chemicals produced by the baby, it’s been taken for testing, used for genetic condition testing

28
Q

Episiotomy

A

A cut/incision made in the tissue between the vaginal opening and the anus during childbirth; it is rarely use nowadays but used to be standard procedure.

29
Q

Breech

A

When a baby is lying in the uterus bottom or feet first.

30
Q

Transverse

A

When a baby is Positioned horizontally rather than vertically in the uterus.

31
Q

Caesarean

A

Delivery of a baby by surgical removal from the uterus.

32
Q

Neonatal

A

First four weeks of life, a timer transition from intrauterine dependency to independent existence.

33
Q

Kangaroo care

A

Method of skin to skin contact in which the newborn is laid on the mother or father’s chest

34
Q

Corpus callosum

A

The corpus callosum is the primary commercial region of the brain consisting of white matter tracks that connect the left and right cerebral hemisphere is, allowing both sides of the brain to communicate.

35
Q

Cell death

A

In brain development, normal elimination of exercise to achieve more efficient brain function.

36
Q

Fine motor development

A

Physical skills that involve the small muscles and hand eye coordination.

37
Q

Gross motor development

A

Physical skills that involves the large muscles

38
Q

Circular reaction

A

Piaget’s Term for behaviours performed by an infant that stimulate their own repetition; example, thumbsucking.

39
Q

Secondary circular reaction

A

Action get a response from another person or object, leading to babies repeating the original action; example, cooing to get attention.

40
Q

Tertiary circular response

A

Action getS a pleasing result, leading baby to experiment with similar actions to get similar results.

41
Q

Habituation

A

Type of learning in which familiarity with a stimulus reduces, slows, or stops a response

42
Q

Dishabituation

A

Increase in responsiveness after presentation of a new stimulus.

43
Q

Working memory

A

Short term storage information being actively produced.

44
Q

Telegraphic speech

A

Early form of sentence consisting of only a few essential words

45
Q

Secure attachment

A

Pattern in which an infant is quickly and effectively able to find comfort from a caregiver when faced with a stressful situation.

46
Q

Avoidant attachment

A

Pattern in which an infant rarely cries when separated from the primary caregiver and avoids contact on his or her return.

47
Q

Social referencing

A

Understanding an ambiguous situation by seeking out another persons perception of it.

48
Q

Stranger wariness

A

Wariness of strange people and places, shown by some infants between six and 12 months

49
Q

Nightmares

A

A bad dream, sometimes brought up by staying up too late, eating a heavy meal too close to bedtime, or over excitement.

50
Q

Night terrors

A

Abrupt awakening from a deep sleep in a state of agitation

Child development (1 decks)

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