Test 1 Flashcards
word
smallest element that can be pronounced on its own, that makes sense on its own, and that can appear in different places within a sentence
liasion
when consonants are dragged over to a following vowel, as in french mes amis
cliticization
when unstressed function words attach phonologically to content words, je t’aime
morphology
the study and description of how words are formed in language
argument-tracking
how in a sentence it’s understood who is doing what to whom
basic word order
general order that words usually go in a sentence
isolating
lacking morphology - use separate words for different aspects
polysynthetic
having long words with several roots - like inuktitut
agglutinating
having easily separable morphemes - ie one for meaning, one for plurality, one for case
fusional
having morphemes that combine several grammatical concepts - like latin
index of synthesis
number of morphemes per word
index of fusion
ease with which morphemes are separated
case/agreement
case denotes grammatical function performed by noun or pronoun, agreement happens when a word changes form depending on the other words to which it relates
head-initial
head of sentence/phrase comes first, vp -> v, np; np -> n adj; pp ->p np [vo]
head-final
head of sentence/phrase comes last [hunzib] vp ->np v; np -> adj n; pp -> np p [ov]
possession
usually owning something
numeral classifiers
used to count something
noun classifiers
classifies things as noun
genitive classifiers
classifiers denoting possession
contrastive intonation
using stress to show where the focus is in a sentence
relative clause
where a clause modifies a noun
possessum
thing being possessed
possessor
thing doing possessing
focus
the new thing in a sentence, the main theme that the sentence is about, the focus of the sentence
head
part of the relative clause that is being modified
gap
like in english, where the pronoun would go
relative phrase
appears between head and relative clause, can be wh-expression or a complementizer [ie, that]
complementizer
that, indicates a relative clause
free relative
doesnt really have antecedent ‘ill have what you’re having’
internally headed
head is in mddle of the sentence
resumptive pronouns
adds a pronoun where the gap would be, like in hebrew
parts of speech
labeled sets of words in a language that are labeled because that makes it easier for a linguist to describe the grammer
classifer
morpheme that classifies words into grammatical categories based on shape, function, etc.
