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Dental Materials > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the classifications of dental materials?

A

Preventative, restorative, and therapeutic

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2
Q

What year was fluorosis first noted?

A

1901

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3
Q

What is stress

A

The internal force resisting the applied force

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4
Q

What is strain

A

The distortion produced by stress

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5
Q

What is tensile force

A

The stretching of an object

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6
Q

What is flexural stress

A

Bending stress, which is a combination of tension and compression

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7
Q

What is compressive stress

A

Pushing an object together

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8
Q

What is shearing stress

A

Sliding in the opposite direction

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9
Q

What is torque

A

Twisting force

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10
Q

What are soluble materials?

A

They dissolve in liquid

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11
Q

What is sorption

A

The ability to absorb liquid

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12
Q

What is corrosion

A

The deterioration of metal due to chemicals/acid

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13
Q

What is tarnish

A

When corrosion begins on the surface

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14
Q

What is percolation

A

When due to temperature the material expands and shrinks so many times that it opens a gap

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15
Q

What is CTE (coefficient of thermal expansion)

A

The measurement of change in volume/length related to change in temperature

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16
Q

What is thermal conductivity?

A

The rate that heat flows through a material over time

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17
Q

What is wetting?

A

The degree to which a liquid adhesive is able to spread over a surface

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18
Q

What is vistocity

A

The resistance of a liquid to spread (the thickness), which can affect the wetting

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19
Q

What is bonding retention

A

The ability to maintain position without displacement under stress

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20
Q

What is micro leakage and what causes it?

A

If a interface is not properly sealed, microorganisms can now get inside, causing sensitivity, decay, and staining

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21
Q

What is galvanism

A

The electric current being transmitted between two dissimilar metals

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22
Q

What are primary and secondary bonds? What are the types? Which are strongest?

A

Primary bonds are the strongest bonds, involving the sharing of electrons, while secondary bonds are weaker physical bonds. Ionic (metal and nonmetal), colavent (2 nonmetals), and metallic.

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23
Q

What is thixotropic?

A

It means that some gels and liquids flow more readily under mechanical force such as mixing

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24
Q

What are preventative materials?

A

They prevent disease or tooth destruction

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25
Q

What are therapeutic materials?

A

They reduce disease

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26
Q

What are restorative materials?

A

They restore tooth structure

27
Q

What are direct restorations?

A

They are placed directly into the mouth to form

28
Q

What are indirect restorations?

A

They are formed outside of the mouth and placed into the mouth

29
Q

What are permanent restorations?

A

They are expected to be long lasting

30
Q

What are temporary/provisional restorations?

A

They last short periods of time, up to a few weeks

31
Q

What are intermediate restorations

A

Temporary, but could be up to months

32
Q

What is mixing time?

A

The amount of time to mix

33
Q

What is working time?

A

The time from the start of mix to the initial set

34
Q

What is setting time

A

The time it takes to set

35
Q

What is a bio-aerosol

A

A cloud like mist containing microbes

36
Q

What is acute toxicity

A

Results from high levels of exposure over a short period of time with immediate effects

37
Q

What is chronic toxicity

A

Results from repeated exposure of low doses over a long period of time

38
Q

When should ZOE be used?

A

ZOE does not have the strength to be a permanent cement or high strength base, so it is used for provisional cements and restorations, low strength bases, and root canal sealers and periodontal dressings.

39
Q

What cement is commonly used for orthodontics?

A

Resin cements or glass ionomers.

40
Q

What is primary consistency?

A

Less viscous and easily glowing which can be drawn into a 1 inch string, suitable for luting

41
Q

What is secondary consistency

A

Thick, putty-like consistency which can be rolled into a ball, suitable for a base

42
Q

How to mix zinc phosphate and why

A

Zinc phosphate is mixed on a glass cooling slab in a figure 8 pattern to absorb the heat of the exothermic reaction

43
Q

How do hybrid ionomers differ from GIC

A

They have better compressive and tensile strength and reduced solubility. They are recommended for high strength all ceramic or metal based restorations

44
Q

Uses and advantages of GIC

A

They are one of the most versatile cements. They are biologically comparable with pulp and act as a fluoride reservoir, are easy to mix, and have moderate strength.

45
Q

What is luting consistency?

A

It has low viscosity, which, placed between the tooth and restoration, sets, and firmly attaches the restoration to the tooth.

46
Q

What is needed to make an alginate impression?

A

Rubber bowl, spatula, and impression trays

47
Q

What are the types of elastic materials?

A

Agar and alginate (hydrocolloids), polysulfides, and silicone rubber materials

48
Q

What are polyether materials?

A

A hybrid of polyetheal and polyvinal siloxane

49
Q

What are inelastic materials?

A

Dental compounds, impression plaster, zinc oxide eugenol, and impression wax. These are older and not used very often.

50
Q

What is an irreversible hydrocolloid

A

Alignâtes are irreversible, meaning they are mixed into a sol state and when setting convert into a gel.

51
Q

What is a reversible hydrocolloid

A

Agar is reversible, meaning it starts as a gel and when heated becomes a fluid that turns back into a gel

52
Q

What are positive reproductions of dental structures known as?

A

Dental casts

53
Q

What does “pouring” of a cast refer to?

A

The process of vibrating the flowable gypsum product into the impression

54
Q

What is impression plaster?

A

Type I, rarely used but could be a final impression wash or to mount casts

55
Q

What is model plaster?

A

Type II, it is used for diagnostic casts and articulation of stone casts, durable but relatively weak

56
Q

What is dental stone?

A

Type III, it is ideal for denture models, orthodontic models, and casts requiring strength

57
Q

What is dental stone high-strength/low-expansion?

A

Type IV, referred to as die stones since they are suited for fabricating wax patterns for cast restorations.

58
Q

What is dental stone high-strength/high-expansion?

A

Type V, used for base metals, has the highest strength

59
Q

What is the initial setting time and final setting time for gypsum products

A

The mixing time is 1 minute, when it is then poured into the impression. When it turns glossy the initial set time is reached, which is 8-16 minutes after starting. Final set time is 45-60 minutes

60
Q

What are the 2 parts of diagnostic and working casts?

A

Anatomical and art portion

61
Q

What are pattern waxes?

A

Inlay waxes, casting waxes, and baseplate waxes; used in construction of metal castings and denture bases

62
Q

What is processing wax?

A

Boxing wax, utility wax, and sticky wax; used to aid in dental procedures

63
Q

What is impression wax?

A

Corrective impression wax and bite registration wax. Used to obtain impressions of the oral structures.

Dental Materials (2 decks)

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