Test 1

Question 1

A field of study that investigates the impact of individuals,groups, and structure on behaviour within organizations;its purpose is to apply such knowledge toward improvingan organization’s effectiveness.

Answer 1

organizational behaviour

Question 2

The basing of managerial decisions on the best available scientific evidence.

Answer 2

evidence-based management

Question 3

Looking at relationships,attempting to attribute causes and effects, and drawingconclusions based on scientific evidence.

Answer 3

systematic study

Question 4

An instinctive feeling not necessarilysupported by research. Also called “gut feelings”

Answer 4

intuition

Question 5

The mix of people in organizations interms of gender, race, ethnicity, ability, sexual orientation, age, anddemographic characteristics such as education and socio-economicstatus.

Answer 5

workforce diversity

Question 6

An area of OB research that concerns how organizations develophuman strengths, foster vitality and resilience, and unlock potential.

Answer 6

positive organizational scholarship

Question 7

the study of moral values or principles that guideour behaviour and inform us whether actions are right orwrong. Help us “do the right thing”

Answer 7

Ethics

Question 8

are variables such as personality, group structure,and organizational culture that lead to processes

Answer 8

Inputs

Question 9

are actions that individuals, groups, and organizations engage in as a result of inputs and that lead to certain outcomes.

Answer 9

Processes

Question 10

are key factors that are affected by some other variables.

Answer 10

Outcomes

Question 11

The process by which individuals organize and interpret their impressions to give meaning to their environment.

Answer 11

perception

Question 12

The theory that when we observe what seems like a typical behaviour by an individual, we attempt to determinewhether it is internally or externally caused.

Answer 12

Attribution Theory

Question 13

A behavioural rule that considers whether an individual acts similarly across a variety ofsituations.

Answer 13

Distinctiveness

Question 14

A behavioural rule that considers whether everyonefaced with a similar situation responds in the sameway.

Answer 14

Consensus

Question 15

A behavioural rule that considers whether the individual has been acting in the same way overtime.

Answer 15

Consistency

Question 16

The tendency to underestimate the influence ofexternal factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behaviour of others.

Answer 16

Fundamental Attribution Error

Question 17

The tendency for individuals to attribute their own successes to internal factors while putting the blame for failures on external factors.

Answer 17

Self-Serving Bias

Question 18

People’s selective interpretation of what they see based on theirinterests, background, experience, and attitudes.

Answer 18

Selective Perception

Question 19

Drawing a general impression of an individual on the basis of a single characteristic.

Answer 19

Halo Effect

Question 20

The concept that our reaction to one person is often influencedby other people we have recently encountered.

Answer 20

Contrast Effects

Question 21

Judging someone on the basis of one’s perception of the group to which that person belongs.

Answer 21

Stereotyping

Question 22

A concept that proposes people will behave in ways consistent with how they are perceived by others.

Answer 22

Self-fulfilling Prophecy

Question 23

is the sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others.

Answer 23

Personality

Question 24

are enduring characteristics that describe an individual’s behaviour.

Answer 24

Personality traits

Question 25

is a personality test thattaps four characteristics and classifies people into 1 of 16 personality types.

Answer 25

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBT I)

Question 26

is the degree to which an individual is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, and believes that ends can justify mean.

Answer 26

Machiavellianism

Question 27

is the tendency to be arrogant, have a grandiosesense of self-importance, require excessive admiration, andhave a sense of entitlement

Answer 27

Narcissism

Question 28

is the tendency for a lack of concern for othersand a lack of guilt or remorse when one’s actions cause harm.

Answer 28

Psychopathy

Question 29

is a broad range of feelings that people experience.

Answer 29

Affect

Question 30

are intense feelings that are directed atsomeone or something.

Answer 30

Emotions

Question 31

are feelings that tend to be less intense thanemotions and that lack a contextual stimulus.

Answer 31

Moods

Question 32

is the ability to detect and to manage emotional cues and information refers to an individual’s ability

Answer 32

Emotional Intelligence

Question 33

are basic convictions that a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct orend-state of existence

Answer 33

Values

Question 34

is a hierarchy based on a ranking of an individual’s values in terms of their intensity.

Answer 34

Value system

Question 35

are related to moral judgments about right and wrong.

Answer 35

Ethical values

Question 36

are positive or negative feelings concerning objects, people, or events.

Answer 36

Attitudes

Question 37

is a positive feeling about a job resultingfrom an evaluation of its characteristics.

Answer 37

Job satisfaction

Question 38

is the degree to which anemployee identifies with a particular organization and its goals, and wishes to maintain membership in the organization.

Answer 38

Organizational commitment

Question 39

is the degree to which a person identifies with a job, actively participates in it, and considers performance important to self-worth.

Answer 39

Job involvement

Question 40

is employees’ belief in thedegree to which they affect their work environment, their competence, the meaningfulness of their job, and their perceived autonomy.

Answer 40

Psychological empowerment

Question 41

is the degree to whichemployees believe an organization values theircontributions and cares about their well-being.

Answer 41

Perceived organizational support

Question 42

is involvement with, satisfaction with, and enthusiasm for the work individuals do.

Answer 42

Employee engagement

Question 43

is differences in easily perceivedcharacteristics, such as gender, race, ethnicity, age,gender, or disability.

Answer 43

Surface-level diversity

Question 44

is differences in values, personality,and work preferences that become progressively more important for determining similarity as people get to knowone another better.

Answer 44

Deep-level diversity

Question 45

is the ability to understand someone’sunfamiliar and ambiguous gestures in the same way aswould people from his or her culture.

Answer 45

Cultural Intelligence

Question 46

is the force that helps you achieve your goal.It’s the drive that pushes you to work hard. It is theenergy that gives you the strength to get up and keepgoing – even when things are not going your way.

Answer 46

Motivation

Question 47

is the assumption that employees dislike work,will attempt to avoid it, and must be coerced, controlled, orthreatened with punishment to achieve goals.

Answer 47

Theory X

Question 48

is the assumption that employees like work, arecreative, seek responsibility, and will exercise self-directionand self-control if they are committed to the objectives.

Answer 48

Theory Y

Question 49

are a person’s internal desire to dosomething due to such things as interest, challenge, andpersonal satisfaction.

Answer 49

Intrinsic motivators

Question 50

are motivation that comes fromoutside the person and includes such things as pay,bonuses, and other tangible rewards.

Answer 50

Extrinsic motivators

Question 51

is a theory that relates intrinsic factorsto job satisfaction and associates extrinsic factors withdissatisfaction.

Answer 51

Two-factor theory

Question 52

Specific and difficult goals, with feedback, lead to higherperformance. Challenging goals increase performance relative to easilyattainable goals

Answer 52

Goal-setting theory

Question 53

is individuals’ beliefs in their ability toperform a task influence their behaviour.

Answer 53

Self-efficacy theory

Question 54

is a theory that says that behaviouris a function of its consequences.

Answer 54

Reinforcement theory