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GEOG 1280 > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Space?

A

The areal extent of something; used in both absolute (objective) and relative (perceptual) forms

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2
Q

“Spacial” definition

A

refers to space on the earths surface; synonymous with geographic.

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3
Q

“Perception” definition

A

The process by which humans acquire information about physical and social environments; a way of interpreting one’s lived experience.

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4
Q

Mental (perceptual) map

A

an image of how a space is organised based on ones lived experience.

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5
Q

Geographic Scale

A

The territorial extent or level of analysis, such as local, regional and global

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6
Q

“Toponym” definition

A

The common name given to a location; a place name.

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7
Q

Site

A

The physical attributes or characteristics of a location.

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8
Q

“Situation” definition

A

The geographic context of a location, relative to other locations.

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9
Q

Relative location refers to…

A

the location of one place or site using other locations as a reference point

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10
Q

“Absolute Space” definition

A

the amount of space that can objectively be measured with definable boundaries, and remains stable over time

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11
Q

“Relative space” definition

A

subject to continuous change and to differences in interpretation

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12
Q

True or False: Toponyms are sometimes contested and can change over time

A

True

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13
Q

True or False: a sense of place is a place that evokes positive feelings

A

False. A sense of place can evoke positive of negative feelings.

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14
Q

True or False: Regionalization is Objective

A

False. Regionalization is Subjective

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15
Q

“Place” definition

A

a location that has acquired particular meaning or significance.

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16
Q

Sense of place

A

the feeling evoked by, or deep attachments to, specific locations (places) such as home, that result from the experiences individuals associate with the location.

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17
Q

Sacred place

A

a location with particular significance to an individual or a group, usually (but not necessarily) for religious reasons.

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18
Q

Placelessness

A

The nature of locations that lack uniqueness or individual character; used for homogenous and standardized landscapes

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19
Q

“Region” definition

A

A part of the earth’s surface that displays internal homogeneity and is relatively distinct from surrounding areas according to certain criteria; a contiguous spatial unit.

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20
Q

Regionalization

A

The process of classifying locations or areas of the earth’s surface into various regions.

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21
Q

Formal (uniform) region

A

An area (region) that possesses a certain degree of uniformity with respect to one or more physical or cultural traits.

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22
Q

Functional (nodal) region

A

An area (region) organized around a node or focal point, and unified by specific economic, political, or social activity.

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23
Q

Vernacular (perceptual) region

A

An area (region) identified on the basis of the perceptions held by people inside or outside the region, or both.

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24
Q

Landscape

A

The characteristics, or overall appearance, of a particular area or location, comprising of natural and human influences.

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25
Q

Cultural Landscape

A

The characteristics or overall appearance or a particular area or location, resulting from human modification of the natural environment.

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26
Q

Distribution

A

The spatial arrangement of geographic phenomena within an area; includes density, concentration and pattern

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27
Q

Density

A

A measure of the relationship between the number of geographic phenomena and a unit of area; typically expressed as a ratio

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28
Q

Concentration

A

The spread of geographic phenomena over a given area

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29
Q

Clustered ( agglomerated)

A

One of two common forms of concentration; occur when the distance between geographic phenomena is small; clustering occurs when geographic phenomena move closer together, sometimes around a nucleus

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30
Q

Dispersed (deglomerated)

A

One of two forms of concentration; occur when the distance between geographic phenomena is large; dispersion occurs when geographic phenomena move apart from one another

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31
Q

Pattern

A

The geometric, regular, or other spatial arrangement of geographic phenomena in a given area

32
Q

Diffusion

A

The process of geographic phenomena over space and through time

33
Q

Cultural diffusion

A

The process of cultural phenomena spreading over space and through time

34
Q

Hearth

A

The area where a particular cultural trait originates

35
Q

Relocation Diffusion

A

One of two forms of diffusion in which geographic phenomena are physically moved from one area to another, such as through immigration or trade

36
Q

Expansion diffusion

A

One of two basic forms of diffusion in which geographic phenomena spread from one another through an additive process

37
Q

Contagious diffusion

A

One of two forms of expansion diffusion in which geographic phenomena spread rapidly throughout an area

38
Q

Hierarchical diffusion

A

One of two forms of expansion diffusion in which geographic phenomena spread first to key people and places and then gradually throughout the rest of a population or area

39
Q

Spatial Interaction

A

The nature and extent of the relationship or linkages between locations; the extent of spatial interactions is related to the distances between locations and the physical and intangible connections between them

40
Q

Distance decay

A

The effets of distance on spacial interaction; generally intensity of interaction decreases with increasing distance

41
Q

Friction of distance

A

A measure of the restraining effect of distance on human interaction and movement; generally greater time and cost are incurred with increasing distance.

42
Q

Connectivity

A

The direct and indirect linkages between two or more locations

43
Q

True or False: Travel time is absolute

A

False: travel time is relative

44
Q

Economic distance

A

The cost incurred to overcome physical distance

45
Q

Psychological (perceptual) distance

A

Distance relates to one’s state of mind, which may be influenced by experience, knowledge, or emotions

46
Q

What are the 3 main components that make up a geographer’s understanding of distribution ?

A

Density, concentration and pattern

47
Q

What are the 2 major concepts to understand connections between people and places?

A

Diffusion and interaction

48
Q

Reference map

A

A map portraying the absolute locations of places and geographic phenomena using a standard frame of reference, such as the global grid

49
Q

Thematic map

A

An analytical tool to illustrate and emphasize the spatial variation of a particular theme or attribute

50
Q

Dot map

A

A thematic map where dots or scale adjusted symbols represent geographic phenomena

51
Q

Choropleth map

A

A thematic map using colour or shading to indicate intensity of geographic phenomena

52
Q

Isopleth map

A

A thematic map using lines to connect locations of equal value with respect to geographic phenomenon

53
Q

Cartogram

A

A thematic map where the size and shape of spatial areas are intentionally distorted and replaces by the relative magnitude of the geographic phenomena

54
Q

True or False: maps are deceptive

A

True

55
Q

What are the 3 ways to depict the map scale?

A

Ratio, graphical and textual

56
Q

Remote sensing

A

A series of techniques used for collecting spatial data through instruments that are physically distant from the object of study

57
Q

Less developed world

A

A large group of countries characterized by low standards of living and social well-being

58
Q

More developed world

A

A group of countries, including Canada, the US, and others, that are characterized by a high standard of living and social well being

59
Q

Demography

A

The study of human populations

60
Q

Census

A

The periodic enumeration of all individuals and collection of demographic and other data in a given country at a particular point in time

61
Q

Physiological density

A

Population per unit of cultivable land

62
Q

3 main areas where population is concentrated

A

East Asia, South-Central America, and to a lesser extent Europe

63
Q

Fertility

A

A populations natural capability of having children; also used to refer to the actual number of live births produced by a woman

64
Q

Fecundity

A

A biological term for the potential capability of having children; refer to the potential rather than the actual number of live births

65
Q

Replacement level fertility

A

The level of fertility at which a population exactly replaces itself from one generation to the next; each couple has just enough children to replace themselves

66
Q

Mortality

A

Deaths as a component of population change

67
Q

Population momentum

A

The tendency for population growth to continue beyond the time that replacement level fertility has been reached because of the relatively high number of people in the child bearing years

68
Q

Doubling time

A

The number of years required for the population of an area to double its present size, given the current rate of population growth

69
Q

Carrying Capacity

A

The maximum population that can be supported by a given level of technology

70
Q

Population Pyramid

A

A diagrammatic representation of the age and sex composition of a population

71
Q

Sex ratio

A

The number of males per 100 females in a population

72
Q

Population aging

A

A process in which the proportion of elderly people in a population increases and the proportion of younger people decreases, resulting in increased median age of population

73
Q

Malthusian Theory

A

food production increases at an arithmetic rate and population increases at a geometric rate; therefore at some point population will exceed the food supply

74
Q

Malthus’s Preventative checks

A

delayed marriage & moral restraint

75
Q

Malthus’s Positive checks

A

War & famine

76
Q

What is a modern day positive check

A

stress on the environmental systems

77
Q

what do populations typically undergo as a demographic transition occurs?

A

an epidemiological transition

GEOG 1280 (1 decks)

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