Test 1 Flashcards
Which functional group has dispersion forces as their dominant IMF?
The Alkyl functional group, common makeup CH
Which functional group has hydrogen bonding as its dominant IMF?
The Alcohol functional group, common makeup OH
Which functional group has dipole-dipole as its dominant IMF?
The Ketone function group, common makeup CO
Which functional group also has a dipole-dipole IMF?
The alkyl halide functional group, Common makeup a carbon bound to a halide (CCl)
Why does surface tension occur?
Liquid molecules obey closest packing and are pulled from the surface toward the liquid
Explain Capillary action
Capillary action happens due to cohesion and adhesion, if there is cohesion a dip will form on the waterβs surface and if there is adhesion a bulge will form.
does viscosity increase or decrease with increasing IMFs?
Increase, the molecules will want to resist flow more
does vapor pressure increase or decrease with increasing IMFs?
decrease, fewer molecules will be able to overcome the IMFs to get to the gas phase.
What is the Clausius Clapeyron equation?
lnβ‘(π2/π1 )=(βπ»π£ππ)/π β(1/π1 β1/π2 )
Does Solubility increase or decrease with lower temperatures?
decreses
What is Raoultβs law
π_π πππ£πππ‘=π₯_πβπ_π πππ£πππ‘^0
If a solute is added to a solvent, does the temperature at which the solvent freezes (increase or decrease)?
decrease
What is the osmotic pressure equation?
π=πβπβπ βπ
how can you use moles to find molecular weight?
mass/moles = molecular weight (remember MW is in g/mole).
what is a colloid?
a heterogeneous mixture consisting of particles of one substance dispersed in another
what is the defining quality of amorphous solids?
they lack long-range order
what is the defining quality of crystalline solids?
they have long-range order and have a repeating unit cell
what is a unit cell?
a single repeating unit of atoms
what is a lattice point?
a unique position within each unit cell
what are the 7 basic unit cell types?
simple cubic, tetragonal, orthorhombic, rhombohedral, monoclinic, triclinic, and hexagonal
define a simple cubic unit cell
a=b=c, all angles 90β°
Define a tetragonal unit cell
a=b, all angles 90β°
define an orthorhombic unit cell
all angles 90β°
define a rhombohedral unit cell
a=b=c, none of the angles are 90β°
define a monoclinic unit cell
only two angles are 90β°
define a triclinic unit cell
no angle is 90β°
define a hexagonal unit cell
a=b, only 2 angles are 90β°, the other is 120β°
what is the density formula for primitive unit cells
π_π=1/(2π)^3 β((10^7 ππ)/(1 ππ))^3βππ/ππ΄
what is the density formula for BCC unit cells
π_π΅πΆπΆ=2/(16/3 π^2 )^(3/2) β((10^7 ππ)/(1 ππ))^3βππ/ππ΄
what is the density formula for FCC unit cells
π_πΉπΆπΆ=4/(8π^2 )^(3/2) β((10^7 ππ)/(1 ππ))^3βππ/ππ΄
What are the 4 types of crystals?
Ionic, Covalent, Molecular, and Metallic
