Test 1 Flashcards
Who takes the world?
Alexander the Great
When was the temple destroyed?
70 AD
Who was in power when Jesus was born?
The Roman Empire
Change continues - Greek cultures
Comfort, competition, conquest
Herod the great
Paranoid people would steal the throne. Killed his kids and wife
What becomes the new place of worship?
The synagogue
5 vertical zones
Coastal plains, shephelah, central mountain range, Syrian-African (Jordan) rift, eastern plateau
5 horizontal zones
Above (upper) Galilee (wet/inaccessible) Beside (lower) Galilee (Jesus home) Carmel and Jezreel (Baal) Negev (south/dry) - below Dead Sea Desert (wilderness) - peninsula
4 seas
Mediterranean Sea
Sea of Galilee
Dead Sea
Red Sea
3 continents
Africa
Asia
Europe
2 lands
Land of honey - north- less space, more water, Farmers Life is predictable, noisy, congested, manageable Focus on e Extras, people as individuals Nominal religion
Land of milk
More space, less water
Shepherds
Life is unpredictable, silent and lonely, exhausting
People focus on essentials, people in community
People are spiritual
Fun and games in Israel
State supported coliseum Arenas and they were political overtones with mandatory attendance
Theatrical performances, public baths to socialize
Death and burial in Israel
80% died before age 30
Celebration in the tomb
Religion in New Testament
Graeco, Roman pantheon, emperor worship, mystery religions, occult, philosophies, Judaism, Christianity.
Foundations of Judaism
Temple, Synagogue, Septuagint, Sanhedrin, high priests, scribes, Pharisees, Sadducees.
Pharisees
Occurs 97 times in New Testament
Means separated ones
Emphasis of keeping the laws of purity, ritualism, fasted and tithed
Took literal being of “kingdom of priests”
Most liked
Considered most accurate interpreters of the law
Believe in immortality of the soul
Accept Old Testament Scriptures and also traditions
All is foreseen but freedom of choice is given
Nicodemus, Gamaliel, Paul
Sadducees
Only mentioned 15 times in the New Testament
Means to be righteous
Wealthier but didn’t have support of people
Conducted temple worship and administration
Wanted to maintain priestly castes
Rejecting oral law
When temple was gone they were out of work
Don’t believe in resurrection of the dead
Essenes
The Dead Sea sect
Merged out of discussed with the other two
They believed the other two became corrupt
Strict dietary law, life of celibacy
Lived near the Dead Sea
Zealot
Zealous with the law
Power structure shifts
Persian to Roman
Hebrew/Aramaic to Greek/Latin
Semitic culture to Hellenistic culture
Fertile Crescent is most important to Mediterranean is most important
Memorized Bible verse
Jesus replied: “love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind. This is the first and greatest commandment.” Matthew 22:37–38
Sanhedrin
Jewish “Supreme Court,” made up of 71 members of Pharisees and Sadducees
One God
One people of God despite their spreading out. Tribal identities are gone, now just Jews.
Development of the gospel
Gospels portrayed Jesus as extraordinary
Matthew: Emmanuel, God is with us
Mark: he is inaugurating the messianic age
Luke: he is God’s agent for redemption
John: the word, who was with God and was gone
Kerygma
That which is preached. What is important enough about Jesus for everyone to remember
The Kerygma of the early church (8 parts)
- Jesus as fulfillment of prophecy
- Jesus’ life and ministry
- Jesus’ crucifixion
- Jesus’ resurrection
- Jesus’ exaltation
- Gift of the Holy Spirit
- Jesus’ return
- Call to repentance
Marcan hypothesis
Mark written first
Matthew and Luke took info From Mark and Q
Matthew, Mark, and Luke are history. John – interpretation of what’s happening
Message: Jesus as Messiah (Matthew)
Fulfillment of old testament prophecy Interpretation of Old Testament law Confrontation with Pharisees Overall, he uses 60 prophecies His audience is Jewish
Jesus as teacher (5 discourses)
Chiastic structure of book
Teaching for present: sermon on Mount The churches mission: sending out of disciples Parables of kingdom: most important The Church's life: terms of discipleship Teaching for future: Oliver discourse
Oliver discourse
Takes place on mount of olives
All about messiahs kingdom
Parables: 10 virgins, talents, sheep, goat
Jesus as King
Key verse: Matthew 27:11 – "are you the king of the Jews?" Keywords: King, kingdom, son of David Visit of Magi Temptation Angels at his command Woe to Pharisees
Matthew distinctives
Genealogy of Jesus – In Luke, it brings to parents.
Dreams – because Jews put emphasis on dream
Jerusalem = “holy city”
Visit of Magi
Jesus paying taxes
People worship Jesus
Matthew
Mark
Human
Lion
2 themes of Mark
Jesus as servant
- no genealogy or birth
- Jesus’ occupation - mason/ carpenter
- no title “lord”
- shunned publicly
- still working after ascension
Busyness of Jesus
- intrusions on rest
- action, especially Jesus
- not teaching sections - on 4 parables
- reactions to deeds
Mark distinctives
No chronological sequence Doublets: Water, healings, bread Triplets: seeds, opinions, disciples that fall asleep, denials of Christ, endings - shortest - vivid - 19 miracles - narrative - 4 parables
