Test 1 Flashcards
Scientific method
A series of steps used to investigate a natural occurrence
1) Problem
2) observation
3) form a hypothesis
4) experiment
5) collect & analyze data
6) conclusion
7) communicate the results
Define chemistry
the branch of science that deals with the identification of the substances of which matter is composed; the investigation of their properties and the ways in which they interact, combine, and change; and the use of these processes to form new substances.
Observation
the action or process of observing something carefully in order to gain information
Hypothesis
a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.
Inference
a conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning.
Conclusion
Includes a statement that accepts or rejects the hypothesis also making recommendations to further study & possible improvements to the procedure
Physical
Observed with the senses and can be determined without destroying the object
Ex: color, shape, mass, length, and odor
Chemical
Indicates how a substance reacts with something else. The original substance is fundamentally changed in observing this property
Ex: flammability, supports combustion, can neutralize a base, reacts with acid to form H 2, reacts with water to from a gas, reacts with a base to form water,
Matter
physical substance in general, that which occupies space and possesses rest mass, esp. as distinct from energy.
How can matter be classified?
Substance < Matter > mixtures
Element^compound homogenous^
Heterogenous
Pure substances
a chemical substance is a material with a specific chemical composition
Mixtures
Variable ratio of several substances
Accuracy
system is the degree of closeness of measurements of a quantity to that quantity’s actual (true) value
Precision
also called reproducibility or repeatability, is the degree to which repeated measurements under unchanged conditions show the same results
Extensive properties
is one that is additive for independent, noninteracting subsystems. The property is proportional to the amount of material in the system.
Intensive properties
In the physical sciences, an intensive property (also called a bulk property, intensive quantity, or intensive variable), is a physical property of a system that does not depend on the system size or the amount of material in the system: it is scale invariant.
What makes the periodic table useful?
A periodic table allows you to easily compare the properties of one element (or a group of elements) to another element (or group of elements)
I kilo(K)
10^3 - 1000
Hecto (H)
10^2 100
1deca (D or da)
10
I -> deci
1= 10 deci (d)
1-> centi
1= 100 centi (c)
1-> mili
1=1000 mili(m)
