Test 1 Flashcards
Studying which of the following human phenomena has recently proven its merits in the field of psychology?
Mental imagery
In which two ways has death imagery typically been seen?
Imagining one’s own (or another’s) death AND Personifying death
Which of Lifton & Olson’s (1974) modes of expression of immortality is linked to one’s enduring achievements?
Creative
What is a planned obituary?
Individuals write their own obituaries as they expect them or wish them to be
McClelland’s (1963) “Harlequin Complex” describes which theme of death personification?
Death as a mysterious lover
Which of Kastenbaum & Aisenberg’s (1972) images of death most resemble McClelland’s (1963) “Harlequin Complex”?
Gay Deceiver
What is the difference between fear and anxiety?
Fear typically has a known cause; anxiety typically has an unknown cause
How do researchers attempt to assess private and sometimes non-conscious levels of death anxiety?
Indirect measures
Schulz & Aderman (1979) explored the implications of physicians’ death anxiety levels on patients’ length of final hospitalization. What did they find?
Terminally ill patients of physicians with high death anxiety had significantly longer hospitalization stays than those of physicians with low or moderate levels of death anxiety
The implications of Weisman & Hackett’s (1961) study on predilection of death suggests that
The predilection of death, as opposed to death anxiety, may have substantial behavioral
consequences, even death.
Death anxiety and death imagery
Are related phenomena
According to McDonald & Higendorf’s (1986) research exploring death anxiety as both a uni and multidimensional scale, what was the relationship found between death anxiety scores and images of death?
Subjects with low death anxiety scores had more positive images of death than their counterparts
Which of the following are reasons that measuring death anxiety can be difficult?
Reliability of instruments is questionable AND Validity of measures is often questionable AND
Definitions of death anxiety are often imprecise
What assumption underlies the existentialist contention that accepting death while living is more important than only confronting death when it is about to occur?
Life can be lived more fully when understood in terms of both being and non-being
The use of death imagery techniques must:
Be used with caution
The results of Gamble & Brown’s (1981) study of actualized and non-actualized participants suggests that the confrontation of personal death requires:
A certain level of personal development and low levels of death anxiety
What is the most basic image of death?
The image of personal annihilation
Koestenbaum’s phenomenological description of the basic image of death can be likened to:
An image of the end of the universe
Which of the following statements is NOT empirically supported?
Conscious death anxiety is higher (LOWER) in believers than in non-believers
Kuzendorf responded to criticism of his use of nonverbal measures of subconscious fear by
using:
Hypnosis
Becker (1973) believes that as people move from total _______ to no _______ they move from schizophrenia to depression. Which answer best fills both blanks?
Repression of death imagery
Compared to non-depressed individuals, depressed individuals _______ grim realities, such as death.
Fail to repress
To maintain a normal psychological state between schizophrenic and depressive, a person needs sublimated death images that promote what?
Indirect confrontation with the idea of personal annihilation
