Test 1

Question 1

Studying which of the following human phenomena has recently proven its merits in the field of psychology?

Answer 1

Mental imagery

Question 2

In which two ways has death imagery typically been seen?

Answer 2

Imagining one’s own (or another’s) death AND Personifying death

Question 3

Which of Lifton & Olson’s (1974) modes of expression of immortality is linked to one’s enduring achievements?

Answer 3

Creative

Question 4

What is a planned obituary?

Answer 4

Individuals write their own obituaries as they expect them or wish them to be

Question 5

McClelland’s (1963) “Harlequin Complex” describes which theme of death personification?

Answer 5

Death as a mysterious lover

Question 6

Which of Kastenbaum & Aisenberg’s (1972) images of death most resemble McClelland’s (1963) “Harlequin Complex”?

Answer 6

Gay Deceiver

Question 7

What is the difference between fear and anxiety?

Answer 7

Fear typically has a known cause; anxiety typically has an unknown cause

Question 8

How do researchers attempt to assess private and sometimes non-conscious levels of death anxiety?

Answer 8

Indirect measures

Question 9

Schulz & Aderman (1979) explored the implications of physicians’ death anxiety levels on patients’ length of final hospitalization. What did they find?

Answer 9

Terminally ill patients of physicians with high death anxiety had significantly longer hospitalization stays than those of physicians with low or moderate levels of death anxiety

Question 10

The implications of Weisman & Hackett’s (1961) study on predilection of death suggests that

Answer 10

The predilection of death, as opposed to death anxiety, may have substantial behavioral
consequences, even death.

Question 11

Death anxiety and death imagery

Answer 11

Are related phenomena

Question 12

According to McDonald & Higendorf’s (1986) research exploring death anxiety as both a uni and multidimensional scale, what was the relationship found between death anxiety scores and images of death?

Answer 12

Subjects with low death anxiety scores had more positive images of death than their counterparts

Question 13

Which of the following are reasons that measuring death anxiety can be difficult?

Answer 13

Reliability of instruments is questionable AND Validity of measures is often questionable AND
Definitions of death anxiety are often imprecise

Question 14

What assumption underlies the existentialist contention that accepting death while living is more important than only confronting death when it is about to occur?

Answer 14

Life can be lived more fully when understood in terms of both being and non-being

Question 15

The use of death imagery techniques must:

Answer 15

Be used with caution

Question 16

The results of Gamble & Brown’s (1981) study of actualized and non-actualized participants suggests that the confrontation of personal death requires:

Answer 16

A certain level of personal development and low levels of death anxiety

Question 17

What is the most basic image of death?

Answer 17

The image of personal annihilation

Question 18

Koestenbaum’s phenomenological description of the basic image of death can be likened to:

Answer 18

An image of the end of the universe

Question 19

Which of the following statements is NOT empirically supported?

Answer 19

Conscious death anxiety is higher (LOWER) in believers than in non-believers

Question 20

Kuzendorf responded to criticism of his use of nonverbal measures of subconscious fear by
using:

Answer 20

Hypnosis

Question 21

Becker (1973) believes that as people move from total _______ to no _______ they move from schizophrenia to depression. Which answer best fills both blanks?

Answer 21

Repression of death imagery

Question 22

Compared to non-depressed individuals, depressed individuals _______ grim realities, such as death.

Answer 22

Fail to repress

Question 23

To maintain a normal psychological state between schizophrenic and depressive, a person needs sublimated death images that promote what?

Answer 23

Indirect confrontation with the idea of personal annihilation