Test 1 Flashcards
a state of well-being in which each individual is able to realize his or her own potential, cope with the normal stresses of life, work productively, and make a contribution to the community
mental health
evolves over time; a definition shaped by the prevailing culture and societal values, and it reflects changes in cultural norms, society’s criteria by third-party payers
psychiatry’s definition of mental health
refers to all mental disorders with definable diagnosis
mental illness
definite middle ground between mental health and mental illness
mental health continuum
is it not until we experience distress or suffer from impairment or inability to function in our everyday lives that the line is crossed into
mental illness
states that there is evidence suggesting that the symptoms and causes of a number of disorders are influenced by cultural and ethnic factors; classifies 157 separate disorders
diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders fifth edition DSM-5
essential to recovery
resilience
the ability and capacity for people to secure the resources they need to support their well-being, such as children of poverty and abuse seeking out trusted adults who provide them with psychological and physical resources that allow them to excel; closely associates with the process of adapting and helps people facing tragedies, loss, trauma, and severe stress
resilience
recognizing the feelings, and readily dealing with them, and learning from the experience rather than falling victim to negative emotions
resilience
T/F resilience means being unaffected by stressors
F
ability and capacity to secure resources needed to support well-being
resilience
ability to adapt
resilience
what is resilience characterized by? Test question*
optimism
sense of mastery
competence
biological predisposition
diathesis
environmental stress or trauma
stress
the most accepted explanation for mental illness
diathesis-stress model
National Alliance on Mental Illness
NAMI; nationwide advocacy group
everyone is equal and gets equal care
consumer/recovery movement
George Bush made a goal to make legislators and the public aware of the advances that had been made in neuroscience and brain research
decade of the brain
advocated early diagnosis and treatment, a new expectation for principles of recovery, and increased assistance in helping people find houses and work
new freedom commission on mental health
1996 every insurance company has to provide health and mental insurance
mental health parity act
the quantitative study of the distribution of mental disorders in human populations
epidemiology
having more than one mental disorder at a time
comorbid condition
number of new cases
incidence
number of cases total
prevalence
a broad field that examines health and illness at the population level
clinical epidemiology
official medical guidelines of the American Psychiatric Association for diagnosing psychiatric disorders
DSM-5
needed for diagnosis, insurances, statistics, and knowledge
DSM-5
describes a nursing diagnosis as a clinical judgement about individual, family, or community responses to actual or potential health problems and life processes
NANDA-1
promoting mental health through the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of human responses to mental health problems and psychiatric disorders
psychiatric mental health nursing
international classification of diseases; clinical descriptions of mental and behavior disorders
ICD-9-CM
help us to explain behavior
psychological theories
treatments based on psychological theories
psychological therapies
psych’s primary concern
psychosocial
purpose of all behavior is to get needs met through interpersonal relationships and to reduce or avoid anxiety
Sullivan’s Interpersonal Theory
Sullivan’s Interpersonal Theory says that we should deal with anxiety and security with _______ ______
interpersonal relationships
what is the foundation for Hildegard Peplau’s nursing theory?
Sullivan’s Interpersonal Theory
involuntary-not under conscious personal control- and are not spontaneous choices
Pavlos’s Classical Conditioning Theory
behavior could be changed
Watson’s Behaviorism Theory
positive and negative consequences is how people learn behavior
Skinner’s Operant Conditioning Theory
voluntary behaviors are learned through consequences
operant conditioning
the therapist provides a role model for specific identified behaviors. and the patient learns through imitation
modeling
the development of behavior tasks customized to the patients specific fears; these tasks are presented to the patient while using relaxation techniques
systemic desensitization
action turns patient away from behavior (akin to punishment)
aversion therapy
putting hot sauce on a thumb suckers thumb
aversion therapy
records relaxation
biofeedback
dynamic interplay between individual and the environment; thoughts come before feelings and actions
cognitive theory
rapid unthinking responses based on schemas
automatic thoughts (cognitive distortions)
aims to eradicate irrational beliefs and recognize thoughts that are not accurate (rational thoughts change behaviors)
Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy
test distorted beliefs and change the way of thinking; reduce symptoms
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
Human beings are active participants in life striving for self-actualization; when lower needs are met, higher needs are able to emerge
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
What is the most prevalent theory now?
Biological Theories
focus on neurological, chemical, biological, genetic; how the body and brain interact to create emotions, memories, and perceptual experiences
Biological Theories
Use of total environment; people, setting, structure, and emotional climate are all important to healing
Milieu Therapy
Environment and people are helpful—everything therapeutic
Therapeutic Milieu
the cycle of sleep and wakefulness; the fluctuation of various physiological and behavioral parameters over a 24-hour cycle
circadian rhythms
norepinephrine and serotonin are thought to be involved in mood
neurotransmitters
nerve cells that conduct electrical impulses
neurons
neurotransmitters attach to
receptors
through _______ the brainstem regulates the entire cycle of sleep and wakefulness and the ability of the cerebrum to carry out conscious mental activity
reticular activation system RAS
plays a crucial role in emotional status and psychological function
limbic system
brain stem is composed of:
pons
medulla oblongata
midbrain
regulation of skeletal muscle coordination and contraction and maintenance of equilibrium
cerebellum
mental activities, a conscious sense of being, emotional status, memory, control of skeletal muscle movement, language and communication
cerebrum
the biological and physiological effects of drugs on the body
pharmacodynamics
refers to the actions of the person on the drug
pharmacokinetics
sleep inducing
hypnotic
mood stabilizer for pts with bipolar disorder
lithium
block the action
antagonists
strong antagonist of the D2 receptors for dopamine
conventional antipsychotics
slows the rate of memory loss and even improving memory for alzheimer’s disease
acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
structured imaging techniques for the brain
CT
MRI
functional imaging techniques
PET
SPECT
anti anxiety and hypnotic drugs
benzodiazepines (addictive)
short-acting-hypnotic sleep agents (z-hypnotics)
melatonin receptor agonists
antidepressant drugs
tricyclic antidepressants TCAs
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors SSRIs
serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors SNRIs
serotonin-norepinephrine disinhibitors SNDIs
monoamine oxidase inhibitors MADIs
mood stabilizers
lithium
anticonvulsant drugs
antagonist of receptors for acetylcholine, norepinephrine, and histamine
first-generation (conventional) antipsychotic drugs
2 significant side effects of first-generation antipsychotic drugs
weight gain
sedation
dopamine and serotonin blockers
second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic drug
which antipsychotic drug produces less side effects and is chosen as first-line treatment?
second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic drug
abilify–dopamine stabilizer
third-generation antipsychotic drug
decreased GABA can lead to
anxiety disorder
decreased norepinephrine and serotonin can lead to
depression
psycho stimulant drugs
ADHD
educational programs in the community ex. parenting classes
primary prevention
education classes through an inpatient facility
secondary prevention
long term education
tertiary prevention
how many physicians does it take to recommend a patient to a clinic
2!!!!
what must the patient be to be able to be admitted in the hospital
dangerous to themself/others
can the pt still vote in the hospital?
yes
surroundings and physical environment
therapeutic milieu
What are the three stages of Paplau’s model?
orientation
working
termination
what phase is like an interview, where you establish a rapport?
orientation
what stage do you maintain a relationship, promote the patient, identify problems and goals?
working
what stages do you summarize goals and objectives achieved and review and exchange memories?
termination phase
patient unconsciously and inappropriately displaces onto nurse feelings and behaviors related to significant figures in patient’s past
transference
nurse displaces feelings related to people in nurse’s past onto patient
countertransference
when relationship slips into social context; when the nurses needs are met in expense of the patient’s needs
blurring of boundaries
countertransference is also known as
over involvement
