test 1 Flashcards
amount of light lost due to absorption, scattering, or utilization by phytoplankton
attenuation
______ relationships are not dependent on the value of the independent variable
linear
____ relationships are dependent on the value of the independent variable
exponential
relates the absorption of light to the properties of the material it travels through
Beer’s Law
beer’s law is generally finding the __________
transmissivity
what is the equation to find the depth at which reflectance equals the light backscattered from the water
K= 1.7/Secchi Disk Depth
what does the prefix bar mean?
pressure
what does the prefix therm mean?
temperature
what does the prefix halo mean?
salt/salinity
what does the prefix pycno mean?
density
what does the prefix bathy mean?
depth
what does the suffix cline mean?
change or slope
the deep ocean is ____ and not usually affected by ______ processes
static surface
the surface ocean is ______ sue to surface processes
dynamic
_______ processes: increase the differences between the two layers
stratification
______ processes: decrease the differences between water masses
mixing
permanent features usually occur deeper than _______ features
seasonal
uniform properties throughout the water mass
well-mixed
different properties throughout the water mass (T, S, and Density change w depth)
stratified
mixing can be done by two ways. what are they
physical (storms) and density driven
why is the mixed layer depth important
biologically- phytoplanktons ability to get nutrients
physically- heat transfer to/from ocean/atmosphere
mixed layer depth is usually deeper in the
winter
what is the average temperature of the ocean
4
what is the average salinity of the ocean
34.7
_____ water is more dense
cold, saltier, higher pressure
what are the units of density
kg/m3
what is the typical density for seawater
1025kg/m3
the reciprocal of density is called the
specific volume
density a parcel has when moved adiabaticaly to a reference pressure
potential density
cold water is _____ compressible than warm water
more
if you mix two water parcels of the same density, but different temperatures and salinities, the resulting water is denser than the 2 original water
cabbeling
for cabbeling to occur you must have the ______ density but _______ temperatures and salinities
same different
coriolis is stronger at the ____ and weakest at the ______
poles equator
divergent zones have _____ pressure
high
convergent zones have ___ pressure
low
if Q is positive water ____ heat
gains
if Q is negative water ____ heat
loses
what are the major components of heat budgets
shortwave radiation, longwave radiation, conduction, evaporation, advection
solar radiation from the sun
shortwave radiation
back radiation to space
longwave radiation
sensible heat flux
conduction
latent heat flux
evaporation/precipitation
currents
advection
objects radiate energy at a rate proprtional to their temperature in kelvin to the ______ power
4th
the maximum radiation wavelenght of light from this process is governed by
wiens law
