test 1

Question 1

amount of light lost due to absorption, scattering, or utilization by phytoplankton

Answer 1

attenuation

Question 2

______ relationships are not dependent on the value of the independent variable

Answer 2

linear

Question 3

____ relationships are dependent on the value of the independent variable

Answer 3

exponential

Question 4

relates the absorption of light to the properties of the material it travels through

Answer 4

Beer’s Law

Question 5

beer’s law is generally finding the __________

Answer 5

transmissivity

Question 6

what is the equation to find the depth at which reflectance equals the light backscattered from the water

Answer 6

K= 1.7/Secchi Disk Depth

Question 7

what does the prefix bar mean?

Answer 7

pressure

Question 8

what does the prefix therm mean?

Answer 8

temperature

Question 9

what does the prefix halo mean?

Answer 9

salt/salinity

Question 10

what does the prefix pycno mean?

Answer 10

density

Question 11

what does the prefix bathy mean?

Answer 11

depth

Question 12

what does the suffix cline mean?

Answer 12

change or slope

Question 13

the deep ocean is ____ and not usually affected by ______ processes

Answer 13

static surface

Question 14

the surface ocean is ______ sue to surface processes

Answer 14

dynamic

Question 15

_______ processes: increase the differences between the two layers

Answer 15

stratification

Question 16

______ processes: decrease the differences between water masses

Answer 16

mixing

Question 17

permanent features usually occur deeper than _______ features

Answer 17

seasonal

Question 18

uniform properties throughout the water mass

Answer 18

well-mixed

Question 19

different properties throughout the water mass (T, S, and Density change w depth)

Answer 19

stratified

Question 20

mixing can be done by two ways. what are they

Answer 20

physical (storms) and density driven

Question 21

why is the mixed layer depth important

Answer 21

biologically- phytoplanktons ability to get nutrients
physically- heat transfer to/from ocean/atmosphere

Question 22

mixed layer depth is usually deeper in the

Answer 22

winter

Question 23

what is the average temperature of the ocean

Answer 23

4

Question 24

what is the average salinity of the ocean

Answer 24

34.7

Question 25

_____ water is more dense

Answer 25

cold, saltier, higher pressure

Question 26

what are the units of density

Answer 26

kg/m3

Question 27

what is the typical density for seawater

Answer 27

1025kg/m3

Question 28

the reciprocal of density is called the

Answer 28

specific volume

Question 29

density a parcel has when moved adiabaticaly to a reference pressure

Answer 29

potential density

Question 30

cold water is _____ compressible than warm water

Answer 30

more

Question 31

if you mix two water parcels of the same density, but different temperatures and salinities, the resulting water is denser than the 2 original water

Answer 31

cabbeling

Question 32

for cabbeling to occur you must have the ______ density but _______ temperatures and salinities

Answer 32

same different

Question 33

coriolis is stronger at the ____ and weakest at the ______

Answer 33

poles equator

Question 34

divergent zones have _____ pressure

Answer 34

high

Question 35

convergent zones have ___ pressure

Answer 35

low

Question 36

if Q is positive water ____ heat

Answer 36

gains

Question 37

if Q is negative water ____ heat

Answer 37

loses

Question 38

what are the major components of heat budgets

Answer 38

shortwave radiation, longwave radiation, conduction, evaporation, advection

Question 39

solar radiation from the sun

Answer 39

shortwave radiation

Question 40

back radiation to space

Answer 40

longwave radiation

Question 41

sensible heat flux

Answer 41

conduction

Question 42

latent heat flux

Answer 42

evaporation/precipitation

Question 43

currents

Answer 43

advection

Question 44

objects radiate energy at a rate proprtional to their temperature in kelvin to the ______ power

Answer 44

4th

Question 45

the maximum radiation wavelenght of light from this process is governed by

Answer 45

wiens law