Test 1 Flashcards
Historiography
the history of the history, how the history is studied
Class
economic status
Caste
class system religious in nature, demonstrated in India, reincarnation/karma stuff
Women’s History
the lives/culture of women, comes from 2nd wave feminism, history has been studied by men for men
What do historiographers do?
essentially scream at the academic world to not cherry pick who history is told about
Is “world history” a new concept?
Yes. It’s 18th Centuryish, prior to it history was nationalist/a projection of a political entity (ie. American History starts in Portugal!)
Rousseau’ s Grand Myth
A nationalist country needs a grand myth to create a legitimacy of a nation “political entities need a grand myth”
Examples of Western Demarcation of Time
The Ancient World, The Middle Ages, The Renaissance, The Black Death, “Hinduism Formation” “Islamic Arrival”
How is History political?
History is political because everything is political and everything is history.
Difference between Myth and History
oftentimes Nation-states have an interest in making sure its citizens are “proud citizens of wherever” and create myths about the country (ie. George Washington I cannot tell a lie, King Arthur)
paradigm
a world view
Should history be thought of in paradigms?
Yes, history should be examined through different viewpoint. (Natural History, Western Civilization, World History)
What is Early Modern World?
A study of colonization and the dominant force is Europe’s colonization, essentially.
How many civilizations are there in the Americas?
2.5 Aztecs, Incas, and 1/2 for Mayans
What makes a civilization?
- Food Source
- Differentiation of Trade
- Religious Org/King
- Writing System
Exhausting the Earth Author/Thesis
Peter Perdue, population increase in early modern China influenced by two forces: the state wished to grow their tax bases and peasantry required more labor, which would allow for an increase in agricultural output. The result was stress on the water supply and deforestation
The Unending Frontier Author/Thesis
John F Richards
Early modern states, especially those in Europe, sought the resources available in frontier regions. Result: areas of population density, population movement, constant consumption of resources
How Early Modern people thought of the world’s resources
Infinite. Deforestation didn’t matter, you just move elsewhere, colonize another place. God made the world for human consumption
Population Patterns in the Early Modern World
population boom in Asia, population dip in Africa and N America (slave trade in Africa, disease in N America)
Energy Source in Early Modern World
the sun, solar flows: where is the sun hitting? where can people grow crops?
Northern Europe growing seasons
limited, a problem will occur if it isn’t right.
Natural disasters the affect the sun
volcanic eruptions (even in other countries, the ash can spread and cool other climates)
Are there a lot of animals in EA N Europe
No. There isn’t enough feed to keep a herd of animals alive through the winter
Did Native American farming look like it was depicted in European drawings?
No. It was probably influenced by European bias of what agriculture was supposed to look like.
solar flows
winds, driven by uneven solar heating and Earth’s spin, drive the movement of the ocean’s surface currents. The prime movers are the powerful westerlies and the persistent trade winds (easterlies)
St Augustine purpose for Spain
Northernmost city of the Spanish Empire + the marker to take them on the current straight to Spain. Was also a safe haven for escaped slaves (provided the converted to catholicism and pronounced loyalty to Spain)
Charleston SC purpose for English
the marker to take sailors straight to England (through solar flows)
Camels allow for
habitable non desert parts of Africa to integrate into the global trade system
Timbuktu Architecture
lots of windows, shady porches, outward spaces you can walk the rooftops, shaded roads. mosques are in a different style but still adobe.
How many densely populated areas in EA?
- Most in Europe and Asia
Dynamics of the Biological Old Regime
women had little to no control over their reproductive cycle. Women had to marry and bear children (no nun option due to protestantism) no birth control, biological servitude
Queen Charlotte
wife of George the III, had 14-15 children. had food, baths, doctors yet her life was still defined by reproduction
Life Expectancy
30-40 (33 was average)
population who were peasants/lower classes engaged in farming
80-90%
sumptuary laws
a dress code of sorts, royal family/judges/cardinals can wear red. similar to military rank. you see someone, you immediately know their rank/place
Subthesis about human population
As it (human population) doubled from about 380 to 950 million during the early modern era, something had to change in terms of the relationship of people with the availability of land and their efficiency in working it.
Was disease always global?
No, even the Black Death wasn’t global. Globalization occurred after Americas were colonized.
Ways to contract disease
other people, animals, insects. disease just exists in humans, there is nothing you can do about it.
