Test 1

Question 1

The two fundamental, post-WWII challenges that confronted Third World nations

Answer 1

Social economic disparities
i. Lack of national integration
ii. Economic under-development

Question 2

The four types of political systems

Answer 2

i. Traditional autocracy:
ii. Modernizing autocracy:
iii. Totalitarian system:
iv. Pluralistic system:

Question 3

Traditional autocracy:

Answer 3

highly personalized relations are key values. Clan or family the top leaders’ right to rule is legitimized by religious values. Saudi Arabia; Iran

Question 4

Modernizing autocracy:

Answer 4

often result from pressure to change. These models are also characterized by elite rule, but their highest value becomes building state power. President or military officer at the top.

Question 5

Totalitarian system:

Answer 5

the most authoritative of the systems. The political, economic, and social life of citizens is completely controlled. Sometimes a challenge especially with developing countries. Marxist controlled systems are the most notable example.

Question 6

Pluralistic system:

Answer 6

Pluralistic (democratic) systems differ appreciably from the totalitarian or authoritarian types. Values include individual freedom, liberty and compromise.

Question 7

The nine types of insurgencies

Answer 7

Anarchists
eqalitarian
Traditionalist
Apocalyptic-Utopian
Pluralist
Seccessionists
Reformist
Commericalist
Preservationist

Question 8

Anarchists:

Answer 8

Highly diffuse and individualistic. All authority patterns are unnecessary and illegitimate. Government should be destroyed, but not replaced with anything. No government.

Question 9

Eqalitarian:

Answer 9

Seek to impose a new system based on the ultimate value of distributional/equality and centrally controlled structures. Post WWII, this was epitomized by violent Marxist groups.

Question 10

Traditionalist:

Answer 10

They seek to restore a political system from the recent or more distant past. (the good old days) More zealous groups seeking to reestablish an ancient political system that idealize as “golden age”. The greatest threat in the 21st century

Question 11

Apocalyptic-Utopian:

Answer 11

Some fringe groups include religious cults with political aims. Beliefs center around creation of new world order as the result of an apocalypse predicted by their acts of terrorism. Afterwards, they rule in a utopia.

Question 12

Pluralist:

Answer 12

These insurgents aim to establish a system that emphasizes the value of individual freedom, liberty, and compromise and in which political structures are differentiated and autonomous.

Question 13

Secessionist:

Answer 13

Renounce and seek to withdraw from the political community of which they are formally a part. Secessionists have been among the most notable insurgents since WWII.

Question 14

Reformist:

Answer 14

Non-revolutionary¬. Use political persuasions, both domestic, and international, to achieve their goals, and change specific policy, but they may resort to violence.

Question 15

Preservationist:

Answer 15

Differ from insurgents in all other categories in that they carry out illegal acts of violence against non-ruling groups and authorities that are trying to effect change.

Question 16

Commercialist:

Answer 16

Have a narrow tribal or clan basis and are led by self-styled chiefs, warlords. Their main aim is little more that the acquisition of material resources through seizure and control of political power.

Question 17

The five problems in identifying insurgent movements/goals

Answer 17

i. Changing goals
ii. Conflicting goals
iii. Misleading rhetoric
iv. Ambiguous goals
v. Confusion of ultimate and immediate goals

Question 18

The three forms of warfare used by insurgents

Answer 18

i. Terrorism
ii. Guerrilla warfare
iii. Conventional warfare

Question 19

The four broad strategies used by insurgencies

Answer 19

• Conspiratorial:
• Protracted popular war:
• Military focus:
• Urban warfare:

Question 20

• Conspiratorial:

Answer 20

o small, secret, disciplined, and tightly organized.
o Small group of insurgents control the government. The government institutions remain somewhat intact. The population acquiesces to insurgent control.

Question 21

• Protracted popular war:

Answer 21

o Must obtain extensive popular support and create a complex organizational apparatus.
o Must engage large numbers of people in order to control the countryside and isolate the urban centers.
o Insurgents wear down the government (three phases) the government slowly becomes weaker over time. The population gives support to insurant.
o Ex. Chinese communists Mao

Question 22

• Military focus:

Answer 22

o insurgents primarily use military force. Government falls (overthrow). The popular accepts insurgent’s control.

Question 23

• Urban warfare:

Answer 23

o Insurgents use terrorism against government and population. The government loses credibility and legitimacy. The population becomes alienated from the government.

Question 24

The transnational strategy of Al Qaeda

Answer 24

Uses the DIME strategy, transnational

Question 25

The two general components of the environment that effect insurgencies

Answer 25

Geograpghy
People

Question 26

Geography

Answer 26

-climate, transportation, terrain, communication systems and human factor

Question 27

People:

Answer 27

demography, social structure, economics, political culture, and political systems.

Question 28

The three internal structures of authority in society that effect insurgencies

Answer 28

The three societal concepts to characterize the differences between people in terms of their awareness of the political system and their perceived ability to influence it.

Question 29

What two ingredients are needed in addition to favorable geography and bad social, economic, political conditions to spark an insurgency?

Answer 29

Determine leader, charismatic leader and some level of popular support

Question 30

What is the often a main (if not the main) underlying cause of insurgencies?

Answer 30

Institutionalized economic suppression
(Oppression)

Question 31

4. What was the balance of power in the international system after WWII?

Answer 31

2 main powers Asymmetrical and Bipolar

Question 32

4. What was the balance of power in the international system after WWII?

Answer 32

2 main powers Asymmetrical and Bipolar

Question 33

5. What is frequently the societal root cause of an insurgency?

Answer 33

Segregation by classes