Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Research Methods in HES > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Method/Knowledge

A

Rules of evidence for collecting data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ontology

A

What is real in the world, what exists, what we know

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Epistemology

A

Philosophy concerned with nature, source, and legitimacy of knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Reasoning

A

Rules of logic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Realism

A

World exists regardless of our beliefs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Determinism

A

Identify causes of phenomena, disease, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Empiricism

A

Using evidence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Scepticism

A

Questioning the truth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Positivism Paradigm

A

Type of research with observations, induction, hypotheses, theories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Post Positivist Paradigms

A

Falsification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pragmatism

A

Avoids speculation about things like “the Truth question”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hypothesis

A

Statements that specify a relationship between 2 variables and then develop into theories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Theories

A

Clarify the relationship between observations and hypotheses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Quantitative

A

Emphasizes data results to solve problem of research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Qualitative

A

Emphasizes values, perceptions, personal relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which concepts of knowledge are the most important in health research?

A

Ontology and epistemology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

__________ is a type of ontology

A

Realism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

________________ helped develop the scientific method

A

Positivism Paradigm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the perception of the subject matter(s) in quantitative research?

A

Reductionist, identification operational definition of specific variables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the perception of the subject matter(s) in qualitative research?

A

Holistic; persons in the contest of their social environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How do quantitative researchers position their work?

A

Objective, precise, measurement of variables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How do qualitative researchers position their work?

A

Subjective close personal interaction with participants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the layout of theories in quantitative research?

A

Explaining causal relationships among variables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the layout of theories in qualitative research?

A

Interpretive; providing insights into the nature and social contexts of personal meanings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How are theories tested in quantitative research?

A

Controlled empirically, supporting or falsifying hypotheses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How are theories tested in qualitative research?

A

Consensual; matching researchers interpretation with those of participants and other observers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How is quantitative research applied to the health field?

A

Prediction and control of health related factors in applied settings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How is qualitative research applied to the health field?

A

Interacting with persons in a consensual value-consonant fashion in health care setting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Research Planning

A

Selecting appropriate strategies and data collection techniques to answer question test the hypotheses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What would need to be done to understand previous knowledge as well as ethical and economical factors related to a research question?

A

Literature review

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the structure of a research paper?

A
  • Title/Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Method/Design
  • Apparatus and Procedure
  • Results
  • Discussion
  • References/Appendices
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What key words in an article title could lead you to think that it’s a qualitative study?

A

Focus groups, effects, attitudes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

How would one determine the results in a quantitative study?

A

Inferential analyses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How would one determine the results in a qualitative study?

A

Descriptive statistics or narrative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are the types of research questions?

A
  • Exploratory
  • Predictive
  • Interpretive
  • Comparative
  • Relationship-based Questions
36
Q

Exploratory Research Question

A

Investigate a problem, but not sure of results

37
Q

Predictive Research Question

A

Collects data to predict something

38
Q

Interpretive Research Question

A

Investigating an event or social reality

39
Q

Comparative Research Question

A

Experimental research/causal relationship

40
Q

Relationship-based Research Question

A

Correlations; seeks link between two items

41
Q

What are the characteristics of exploratory research questions?

A
  • Grounded theory
  • Focus on what, not why
  • Usually quantitative
  • Focus groups
42
Q

What is an example of a exploratory research question?

A

“Is obesity a problem in children between 5-10 years old?”

43
Q

What is an example of a predictive research question?

A

“Does a good teacher evaluation predict student success?”

44
Q

What is an example of a interpretive research question?

A

“Influence of dating violence on adolescent girls’ educational experience”

45
Q

What is an example of a comparative research question?

A

“Compare 65 and up men and women reasons to not get a COVID vaccine booster”

46
Q

How does one choose sampling for their research?

A

Identify the population and then determine a subset as the sample

47
Q

Incidental Sampling

A

A method of sampling in which the researcher takes the most conveniently available cases

48
Q

Quota Sampling

A

Using set number of X and Y participants to guide random drawing

49
Q

Random Sampling

A

Process of selecting cases from a population such that each member of the population has had an equal chance of selection

50
Q

Stratified Random Sampling

A

A type of sample in which the researcher wishes to ensure that important subgroups and their representation are preserved in the sample

51
Q

Area Sampling

A

A type of sampling procedure in which the units of the sample are where people live or work, rather than who they are

52
Q

What is an example of stratified random sampling?

A

When a researcher randomly selects of 50 men and then 50 women, the sample has been stratified for gender

53
Q

Systematic Sampling

A

Sampling procedure in which a researcher goes through a list and selects Xth person to participate in the study

54
Q

Purposive Sampling

A

Inviting people to participate in the study due to chosen characteristics

55
Q

What are the types of purposive sampling?

A
  • Extreme/deviant case sampling
  • Maximum variation sampling
  • Snowball/chain sampling
  • Theory-based sampling
56
Q

What type of sampling is used in qualitative research?

A

Purposive sampling

57
Q

Extreme/Deviant Case Sampling

A

Selecting respondents from both ends of a spectrum relating to a certain experience

58
Q

Maximum Variation Sampling

A

Selecting respondents across all categories and severities relating to a certain experience

59
Q

Snowball/Chain Sampling

A

Assumes people share similar important experiences might become aware of each other in a community; key informants would help researchers find appropriate participants for the research

60
Q

Theory-Based Sampling

A

Selecting participants based off a guiding theory

61
Q

Population Validity

A

Extent to which a sample reflects the characteristics of a population from which it’s drawn

62
Q

Ecological Validity

A

Extent to which the results of a study may be generalized to the real world

63
Q

How else may population validity may phrased to ask?

A

Is it specific for all cases/participants?

64
Q

How else may ecological validity may be phrased to ask?

A

Who’s doing the procedure and where? Same resources

65
Q

Ethics

A

Systems of moral principles that guide human action

66
Q

How is ethics applied in health research?

A

Examines how research should be conducted so that the best interests of the participants and the public are in mind.

67
Q

Deontology

A

Individuals should be treated as an end in themselves

68
Q

Utilitarianism

A

Greatest good for the greatest number of people

69
Q

What is the difference between philosophy and codes in health research?

A

Philosophy = essential; but doesn’t determine what type of behavior in research is right or wrong

Codes = more direct statements that can be relevantly applied to research

70
Q

Nuremberg Code

A

A response from the Nuremburg War Crime Trials that form the foundation of basic principles to guide the conduct during research

71
Q

Declaration of Helsinki

A

Declaration forming the development of research ethics principles and processes

72
Q

What are the key ethic principles in research?

A
  • Informed consent/self-determination
  • Plain language statements
  • Scientific excellence and quality
  • Minimizing risk/harm to participants
  • Confidentiality/privacy
  • Conflict of interest to reviewer
  • Independent review
73
Q

Informed Consent/Self-Determination

A

Participant(s) willingly choose to participate in a study and know all risks and benefits from their participation; may also drop at any time

74
Q

Plain Language Statements

A

Research explains in plain language to the participants the goals of the research and what will exactly happen to them if they choose to participate

75
Q

Scientific Excellence and Quality

A

Research must be done to ultimately serve the better good and has not already been answered (unless to verify results)

76
Q

Minimizing Risk and Harm to Participants

A

Effort must be taken to minimize any risks and harms in a research study to the maximum extent as possible

77
Q

Confidentiality

A

Concerned with ensuring that people’s private information is not disclosed as a result of their participation in a study

78
Q

Conflict of Interest to Researcher

A

Conflicts of interests must either be disclosed or eliminated in research

79
Q

Independent Review

A

Outside group must evaluate the ethical considerations of a research proposals before it can proceed

80
Q

What are the economic issues taken into account for research planning?

A
  • Availability of participants
  • Availability of equipment
  • Availability of expertise
  • Availability of time
81
Q

What question is asked when a researchers considers availability of participants to investigation?

A

Are there enough people to volunteer for the study under the required conditions?

82
Q

What question is asked when a researchers considers availability of equipment to investigation?

A

Is the equipment needed too expensive?

83
Q

What question is asked when a researchers considers availability of expertise to investigation?

A

Do we have experienced, unbiased staff?

84
Q

What question is asked when a researchers considers availability of time to investigation?

A

What factors may impact our timeline?

85
Q

Ethics Review of Research

A

Group of specified individuals to oversee research proposals to determine any ethical issues

Research Methods in HES (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions