Test 1 Flashcards
Specificity
Identify people who have pathologies
What does minimum detectable change (MDC) mean?
The absolute change in score necessary to conclude genuine change is the same for both improvement and deterioration in performance. (what is clinically important for the patient)
Sensitivity
Identifying that sick people are truly sick
Reliability
Measures the same thing consistently
Validity
Precise results from the object being measured
Function of CNS
Communication, Processes, Organizes and Regulates
Function of the brainstem
Regulates postural tone
Function of the Cerebellum
Responsible for regulating force/range of our movements and the adapting the amplitudes of muscle responses to changing environments/task
Function of Basal Ganglia:
Is responsible for motor planning and responding to change of environment/task by quickly changing the muscle pattern
Outcome Measure Tests related to Balance
Timed Up & Go Test (TUG), Single Leg Stance Test, Sitting Forward/Lateral Reach Test, Sharpened Romberg (Tandem Stance), Functional Reach Test, Multi-Directional Reach Test, Timed Chair Rise x 5
Timed Up and Go Test
Measures the time to stand up from a chair, walk 3 meters, walk back to chair, and sit down
What and who is the TUG good for?
It correlates well to functional mobility
It is good for populations that are at risk for falls and have vestibular dysfunction
TUG Fall Risk Scores
Fall Risk: 10-30 sec
Moderate Fall Risk: >19secs
Low Fall Risk: < 11 secs
Scores greater than 14 seconds in a TUG
High risk for falls
Score less than 10 sec for TUG
Is normal
Scores less than 20 sec for TUG
Community ambulation
Score of 20-30 seconds for TUG
Impaired Mobility
Score of TUG that correlates with Berg Scores and Dynamic Gait
Scores less than 20 sec correlated to higher Berg score
TUG provides a measure of what
Functional gait and indirectly translates to balance during gait
Functional Reach Test measure what
Measures balance by looking at max forward reach using a fixed BOS
Functional Reach Test detects
Detects balance impairments and changes in balance performance over time
What populations is the functional reach test good for?
Older adults, repeat fallers, Parkinson’s pts
The score in a functional reach test that is a predictor for falls
Less than or equal to 6 cm
Time Chair Rise score that is an indicator for fall risk
Greater than 15 sec is indicator for fall risk
Berg Balance test is good for what populations?
Older pts, MS, stroke
Berg Balance score that is associated with increase risk for falls?
less than 45 seconds
Berg Balance Scores that indicate low risk for falls
41-56
Berg Balance score that indicates medium fall risk
21-40
Berg Balance Score associated with high fall risk
0-20
Tinetti Assessment Tool is what type of test?
Task-oriented test that measures balance and gait abilities in older adults. Also, examines different components of balance and gait.
Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA) score for high risk
less than 19
POMA score for medium risk
19-24
POMA score of low risk
greater than 24
Dynamic Gait Index evaluates what?
Functional stability and risk of falling during gait activities in older adults
ex. stairs, turning head, changing gait speed
Dynamic Gait Index is good for finding what?
useful in capturing problems that are difficult to detect with static balance measures
Dynamic Gait Index is good for what populations
Older adults, vestibular dysfunction, MS, stroke
Dynamic Gait Index score for high risk for falls
Less than 16
Score for the Dynamic Gait Index that is a decreased risk for falls
greater than 19
Dynamic Gait Index score that is considered safe for ambulation
greater than 22
Gait speed is a valid measure of what?
The ability to walk in older adults (over 60yo)
Shorter stride lengths and decreased gait speed increase the risk of falling
Hoffer Classification- Nonambulatory
W/C bound
Hoffer Classification: Therapeutic
Only walks in therapy (with aides also at home, school, hospital)
Hoffer Classification: Household
walks only indoors, otherwise use W/C (furniture walkers)
Hoffer Classification: Community Walker
Can walk indoors and outdoors for short time periods, but uses W/C long community trips
Neonatal Theories- Supplemental Stimulation (1970s)
Premature infants develop differently b/c of sensory deprivation due to decreased exposure to the intrauterine environment. (so overstimulate the baby) But babies couldn’t handle all the stimulation
Neonatal Theories- Environmental Modulation
Developmental differences are due to sensory stress and overload
Immature nervous system = decreased ability to habituate to sensory stimulus
Decrease stimuli
Synactive Theory of Infant Development- Current Theory
Dynamic system formed by interaction of the infant, caregiver, and environment with focus on behavioral organization
(Blend of stimulation and protection from stimulation
Positive effects of Kangaroo care
Temperature regulation, weight gain, sleep, breathing, state organization, physiologic stability, energy conservation, parent-infant bonding
Benefits of infant massage
Improved daily weight gain, improved sleep, enhanced mother-infant communication and interaction
Noise and Light Recommendations
Noise level <646 lux (60 ft candles)
