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clinical app/pharm concepts > test 1 > Flashcards

test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

chemical drug name

A

only one name for each med.
name comes from ingredients

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2
Q

father of modern pharm

A

John Jacob Abel

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3
Q

therapeutics

A

focuses on disease prevention as well as treatment and pain

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4
Q

pharmotherapy

A

application of drugs for treating and alleviating pain

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5
Q

biosimilar drugs

A

close but not equivalent to the name brand

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6
Q

generic drug names

A

only one drug name
less complicated and easier to remember

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7
Q

bioavailability

A

amount of drug that enters systemic circulation and reaches the target organ or tissue
-dependent on dose, form (how body absorbs) or metabolsim
-fastest way is thru IV

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8
Q

mm to cm

A

1cm is equal to 10 mm

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9
Q

cm to m

A

1 meter is equal to 100 cm

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10
Q

m to km

A

1 km is equal to 1000 meters

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11
Q

mcg to mg

A

1mg is equal to 1000 mcg

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12
Q

mg to g

A

1 g is equal to 1000 mg

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13
Q

kg to g

A

1 kg is equal to 100 g

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14
Q

mL to L

A

1 L is 1000 mL

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15
Q

dL to L

A

1 L is 10 dL

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16
Q

lbs to kg

A

1 kg is 2.2 lbs

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17
Q

tsp to mL

A

5 mL Is 1 tsp

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18
Q

Tbsp to mL

A

15 mL is 1 Tbsp

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19
Q

oz to mL

A

30 mL is 1 oz

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20
Q

c to mL

A

240 mL is 1 c

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21
Q

milliequivilant (mEq)

A

measures the ability of a substance to mix w another substance

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22
Q

when you convert small to large you

A

move the decimal to the left

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23
Q

converting large to small

A

move decimal to right

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24
Q

black box warnings

A

dangerous possible effects

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25
Q

4 phase therapeutic

A

preclinical investigation
clinical investigation
review of new drug app
post market surveillance

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26
Q

withdrawl

A

physical discomfort felt by individual when substance isn’t used

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27
Q

schedule 1 drug

A

highest potential for abuse

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28
Q

schedule V drug

A

least potential for abuse

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29
Q

teratogenic

A

has potential to effect un born child
X- unsafe
A- safest

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30
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

how the body handles meds

absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion

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31
Q

absorption

A

movement from site of administration , across body to circulation

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32
Q

distribution

A

transport of drug from circulation to body tissue. effected by blood flow

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33
Q

metabolism

A

chemically converts drugs so it can be easily removed from body

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34
Q

first pass effect

A

drug absorbed- goes to liver- metabolizes- leaves liver- distributed to general circulation

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35
Q

primary site of excretion

A

kidneys

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36
Q

enterohepatic recirculation

A

some drugs excreted in bile. recirculates. prolongs activity- could lead to toxicity

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37
Q

drug plasma concent

A

concent of med at target tissue

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38
Q

length of time needed to decrease drug concent by one half

A

half life.
the greater half life, longer it takes to excrete

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39
Q

loading dose

A

higher amount of drug given, quickly produces therapeutic effect

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40
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

how a med changes the body

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41
Q

therapeutic index

A

measure of drug safety
*Higher value, safer drug

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42
Q

potency

A

dose needed to produce effect
-higher potency, lower therapeutic

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43
Q

efficacy

A

magnitude of maximal response that can be produced by particular drug

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44
Q

drug attaches to receptor:

A

alpha or beta

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45
Q

agonist

A

limit receptor

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46
Q

parcial agonist

A

weaker, less effective response

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47
Q

antagonist

A

occupy receptor, doesn’t activate. no response

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48
Q

6 rights

A

Right patient
Right drug
Right dose
Right route
Right time
Right documentation

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49
Q

3 checks

A

Check 1- check time of admin, name and dose against MAR
Check 2- checking meds w MAR after attained and before going to patient room
Check 3- check MAR 3 times ensuring right patient is about to receive right med

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50
Q

Nurse practice acts

A

Defines a nurses scope of practice and responsibility

51
Q

Unit dose medication

A

One time dose. Packaged individually

52
Q

Multiple dose system

A

Holds more than one dose

53
Q

Automated medication dispensing

A

Computer operated storage and dispensing Device need for medication and supplies
they are locked in drawers
you need ID to access

54
Q

Who do you see if you have a question about medication

A

Pharmacist

55
Q

Who do you ask you a question about an order

A

The provider

56
Q

Medication reconciliation

A

Get a list of every single med patient takes at home

57
Q

Healthcare contributing to med errors

A

Failing system check
Failing to take into account for the patience variables like their age
Giving meds based on verbal orders or phone
Giving meds for incomplete order
Practicing under stressful work

58
Q

 patient contributing to med errors

A

Taking drugs prescribed by several practitioners
Getting prescription filled at more than one pharmacy
Not refilling meds
Taking meds and correctly
Taking leftover meds from something else
Taking someone else’s meds

59
Q

Investigating errors

A

What happened, why and what can we do from doing it again

60
Q

Reporting a documenting med errors

A

Must be documented in med record
Must have a report what happened record given to hospital
This is coordinated by FDA

61
Q

Sentinel

A

Unexpected occurrence involving death or harm
Always investigated
RCA (root cause analysis) intervention

62
Q

Reducing med errors- assessment

A

Assess food and med allergies
Assess current health concerns
Assess use of OTC and herbal supplements
Review recent lab test
Assess liver, kidney and other body functions
Review recent physical assessment findings
Identify need for education

63
Q

Strategies for reducing meds- planning

A

Avoid abbreviations
Question unclear orders
Ask patient to demonstrate understanding

64
Q

strategies for reducing meds- implementation

A

be aware of distractions
confirm patient swallowed med
be alert for meds that look and sound alike
verify 2 patient IDs
calculate correctly
record on MAR as soon as given

65
Q

strategies for reducing meds- evaluation

A

assess for patient outcome
determine adverse effects

66
Q

adverse effect

A

effect that shouldn’t be happening from a med

67
Q

side effect

A

expected from meds

68
Q

what to have for med order

A

patient idetifying info
date and time order was written/ e entered
name of med
med dosage
route of admin
freq. and time of med
prescribers name and credentials
name of person transcribing order

69
Q

ways meds can be write

A

handwritten
electronically
verbal/ phone only in emergency

70
Q

STAT order

A

immediately

71
Q

standard order

A

prewritten, standardized
DR has to individualize base on patient need

72
Q

PRN

A

med as needed

73
Q

prescription needs to contain on it:

A

superscription, inscription, subscription, signature

74
Q

med labels contain

A

brand/trade name
chemical and generic drug name
national drug code- 10 digits
form of med
route of admin
dosage strength
lot number and exp date
other info: warnings, usual dosage, storage

75
Q

MAR contains

A

demographics, allergies, date, time of admin, med info, ID of person administering,

76
Q

tablets

A

chewable, coated, efferyescent, modified release, multilayer, soluble, troche, lozenge

77
Q

capsule

A

immediately acting, delayed/extended release

78
Q

granule

A

small particle has active ingrediant

79
Q

liquid meds

A

solutions, suspensions, emulsions, elixers, syrups

80
Q

measuring oral liquids

A

oral syringe, dropper, cylindrical spoon

81
Q

injections

A

skin, subcut, muscle, vein

82
Q

syringes

A

hyper-dermic
1 mL also called TB
insulin in units. only for insulin

83
Q

reconstitution

A

volume of diluent added to reconstitute a med is not always equal to reconstituted volume because the powder adds volume. a filter needle or IV is needed

make sure to write expiration date and amount of diluent added and final concent of med

84
Q

suppositories

A

medications that are mixed in a base of glycerin or cocoa butter and are administered rectally or vaginally

85
Q

troches, pastilles, lozenges

A

dissolve in mouth

86
Q

syrups

A

med in thick, sweetened, flavored base

87
Q

elixirs

A

med mixed in base of water and alcohol

88
Q

suspensions

A

undissolved particles of med suspended in oil or water base. must be shaken throughly

89
Q

solutions

A

med in a sterile base of water or saline. usually meant to be administered thru vein or tissue

90
Q

caplets

A

coated, elongated tablets

91
Q

ac

A

before meals

92
Q

pc

A

after meals

93
Q

ad lib

A

as desired

94
Q

iv

A

intravenous

95
Q

subcut

A

subcutaneously

96
Q

IM

A

intramuscular

97
Q

ID

A

intradermal

98
Q

SL

A

sublingual

99
Q

IVP

A

intravenous push

100
Q

IVPB

A

intravenous piggyback

101
Q

PEG

A

percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy

102
Q

NG

A

nasogastric

103
Q

PR

A

per rectum

104
Q

PO

A

per os (by mouth)

105
Q

supp

A

suppository

106
Q

NPO

A

nothing by mouth

107
Q

b.i.d

A

twice daily

108
Q

t.i.d

A

three times daily

109
Q

q

A

every

110
Q

q2hr

A

every 2 hours

111
Q

q4hr

A

every 4 hours

112
Q

gtt

A

drop

113
Q

ER

A

extended release

114
Q

SR

A

sustained release

115
Q

CR

A

controlled release

116
Q

g

A

gram

117
Q

mg

A

milligram

118
Q

kg

A

kilogram

119
Q

mcg

A

microgram

120
Q

tsp

A

teaspoon

121
Q

NKA

A

no known allergies

122
Q

NKDA

A

no known drug allergies

123
Q

common abbreviations not too use

A

> , <, @, cc, q.d

clinical app/pharm concepts (1 decks)

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