test 1 Flashcards
what is the definition of nursing?
promotion of health, prevention of illness, collaborative care.
“ the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, facilitation of healing, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and population”
what does it mean for nursing as a professional discipline?
1.well defined body of specific and unique knowledge
2.strong service orientation
3. recognized authority by a professional group
4. code of ethics
5. professional organization that sets standards
6 ongoing research
what are the QSEN competences (quality and safety education for nurses)
- patient-centered care work
- teamwork and collaboration
- quality improvement
- safety
- evidence based practice
- informatics
nursing goals #1
promoting health- identifying, analyzing, and maximizing each patient’s individual strengths as components of preventing illness, restoring health, and facilitating coping with disability or death
nursing goal #2
preventing illness- educational programs in areas such as prenatal care, smoking cessation programs, and stress reduction seminars. community programs and resources encouraging healthy lifestyle. literature, tv, radio, or internet information on healthy diet, exercise, and good health habits. health assessments in institutions, clinics, and community settings that identify area of strength and risk for illness.
nursing goal #3
restoring health- preforming assessments that detect illness. referring questions and abnormal findings to other health care providers, as appropriate. providing direct care to the person who is ill. collaborating with other healthcare providers in providing care. planning, teaching, and carrying out rehabilitation for illnesses such as heart attacks, arthritis, and strokes. working in mental health and chemical dependency programs.
as well as facilitating coping with disability and death- hospice programs, patient teachings, referral to community support systems
what are interrelated roles of nurses?
care giver, communicator, teacher, education, counselor, leader, researcher, advocate, collaborator
what are factors affecting health?
genetic inheritance, cognitive abilities, educational level, race & ethnicity, age & gender, developmental level, lifestyle environment, socioeconomic status
what are professional nursing organizations?
American nurses association (ANA)
National league for nursing (NLN)
American association of colleges oh nursing- commission on collegiate nursing education
National student nursing association
what are the guidelines for nursing practice?
standards of nursing practice, nurse practice acts and licensure,
nursing process- one of the major guidelines for nursing practice -helps nurses implement their roles -integrates art and science of nursing -allows nurses to use critical thinking and clinical reasoning -defines the areas of care that are within the domain of nursing
what are the framework of nursing theory?
theory: group of concepts that describe a pattern of reality- can be tested, changed, or used to guide research
concepts: abstract impressions organized into symbols of reality- conceptual framework or model
what is deductive reasoning?
examines general ideas and considers specific actions or ideas.
what is inductive reasoning?
builds from specific ideas or actions to conclusions about general ideas
what is a general system theory?
theory for universal application: break whole things into parts to see how they work together in systems.
what is adaptation theory?
adjustment of living matter to other living things and environment.
what is developmental theory?
orderly and predictable growth and development.
what is the environmental theory (Nightingale,1860)?
a theory that utilizes the environment of the patient to assist in the recovery.
what is nursing need theory (Henderson 1955)?
theory that focuses on the need to increase patients independence and meet their individualized basic needs.
what is cultural care theory (Leininger, 1978)?
theory that emphasize culturally congruent and competent care.
what is theory of human caring (Watson,1979)?
Theory that emphasizes on the interpersonal caring relationship and environment between patient and nurse.
what are the goals of theoretical framework?
- holistic patient care
- individualized care to meet needs of patient care
- promotion of health
- prevention of treatment or illness
what are the benefits of nursing theory?
- directs nurses toward common goal
- leads to improved patient care
- provides rational and knowledge reasons for nursing actions
- give nurses knowledgeable reasons for nursing actions
- helps resolve current nursing issues
- prepares nurses to question assumptions and values
- serves research, education, and practice
what is evidence based practice ?
- problem solving approach to making clinical decisions using the best evidence available
- blends both the science and the art of nursing so that the best patient outcomes are achieved
- may consist o specific nursing interventions or may use guidelines established for the care of patients with certain illnesses, treatments, or surgical procedures
- the use of EBP mandates the analysis and systematic review of research findings
what is health?
a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
what is wellness?
an active state of being healthy by living a lifestyle promoting good physical, mental, and emotional health
what is disease?
a medical term, referring to pathologic changes in the structure or function of the body or mind
what is illness?
the unique response of a person to a disease: an abnormal process involving changed level of functioning
what is acute illness?
generally has a rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a relatively short time
EX: appendicitis, pneumonia, diarrhea, common cold
what is chronic illness?
a broad term that encompasses many different physical and mental alterations in health.
- usually has a slow onset and may have periods of remission and exacerbation(become worst)
EX: diabetes mellitus, lung disease, arthritis, lupus
what are the factors influencing health disparities?
racial and ethnic groups, poverty, gender: age, mental health, educational level, disabilities, sexual orientation, health insurance and access to health care.
what are factors affecting health and illness?
basic human needs, the human dimensions, self concept, risk factors for illness or injury
what is a physical dimension?
genetic inheritance, age, development level, race, gender.
what is emotional dimension?
how the mind affects body function and responds to body conditions
what is intellectual dimension?
cognitive abilities, educational background, and past experiences
what is environmental dimension?
Housing, sanitation, climate, pollution of air food, and water
what is sociocultural dimension?
economic level, lifestyle, family, and culture
what is spiritual dimension?
spiritual beliefs and values.
what is the primary step of health promotion and illness prevention?
direct toward promoting health and preventing the development of disease processes or injury
EX: immunizations, family planning services, poison control information, and accident prevention education
what is the secondary step to health promotion and illness prevention?
focus on screening for early detection of disease with prompt diagnosis and treatment of any found.
EX: assessing children for normal growth and development and encouraging regular medical, dental, and vision exams.
what is the tertiary step to health promotion and illness prevention?
begins after an illness is diagnosed and treated with the goal of reducing disability and helping rehabilitate patients to a maximum level of functioning.
EX: teaching patients with diabetes how to recognizes and prevent complications, using physical therapy to prevent contractures in a patient who has a stroke or spinal cord injury and referring women to a support group after a breast removal.
what is a belief model (Rosenstock)?
concerned with what people perceive to be true about themselves in relation to their health.
-modifying factors for health include demographics, sociopsychological, and structural variables.
based on three components of individuals perceptions of threat of a disease disease
-perceived susceptibility to a disease
-perceived seriousness of a disease
- perceived benefits of action
what is health promotion model (Pender)
developed to illustrate how people interact with their environment as they pursue health.
- incorporates individual characteristics and experiences and behavior-specific knowledge and beliefs, motivate health- promoting behavior
- personal, biologic, psychological, and sociocultural factors are predictive of a certain health related habit
- health related behavior is the outcome of the model and is directed toward attaining positive health outcomes and experiences throughout the life span