test 1 Flashcards
What are the nine
regions of the face?
(1)Forehead (2)Temples
(3)Orbital area (4)External
nose (5) Zygomatic area
(6)Mouth and lips, (7)Cheeks
(8)Chin (9)External ear
What is the area of
color change around
the border of the lips?
Vermillion border
What types of tissue
cover the oral cavity
Mucous membrane
What are the two
regions of the oral
cavity?
Vestibule: space between teeth and inner mucosal lining of lips & cheeks Oral cavity proper: Space ont he tongue side within lower and upper dental arches
What is the name of the structure that passes from the oral mucosa to the facial midline of the mandibular arch?
Mandibular labial
frenum
What is another
anatomical term for
the gums?
Gingiva
What is another term
for unattached
gingiva?
Marginal gingiva or
Free gingiva
What is another term
for interdental
gingiva?
Interdental papillae
What is the pear
shaped pad of tissue
behind the maxillary
incisors?
Incisive papilla
What is the hanging
projection of tissue at
the border of the soft
palate?
Uvula
What is the term for
upper surface of the
tongue?
Dorsum
What is the thin fold of mucous membrane that extends from the floor of your mouth to the underside of your tongue?
Lingual frenum
tongue tied
extremely short lingual frenum
Dentition
the general arrangement of
teeth
- set of teeth naturally in
position in the dental arches
primary dentition
20 deciduous teeth
- 8 incisors, 4 canines, 8 molars, no
premolars on deciduous dentition
- complete deciduous dentition ususally
btw 2 1/2 to 5 3/4 years
Primary teeth erupt?
erupt begins around 6 month and
replaced by permanent teeth
complete deciduous dentition usually?
btw 2 1/2 to 5 3/4 years
secondary dentition
32 permanent teeth - replace primary dentition - called permanent dentition - # of teeth may vary for individuals due to genetics, disease, etc
arches
Maxillary and Mandibular
midline (median line)
imaginary line goes down
median part of face
quadrant
- quadrant 1; maxillary right
- quadrant 2; maxillary left
- quadrant 3; mandibular left
- quadrant 4; mandibular right
sextant
dividing arch into 3 sections;
- total 6 sextants for oral cavity
How are sextants numbered
numbered 1-6 starting from
maxillary right and ending on
mandibular right
mixed dentition
contains primary and permanent teeth
mixed dentition age
5 3/4- 12 yrs
universal system
uses number 1-32 for permanent teeth
- uses letter A -T for primary/deciduous teeth
palmer notation system
oral cavity divided into 4 quadrants
- teeth in each quad are labeled 1-8
federation dentaire
internationale (FDI) system
every tooth is coded with 2 digit number
- each quad is numbered 1-4
- teeth are numbered 1-8 (similar to palmer)
FDI wisdom teeth identification
1-8, 2-8, 3-8, 4-8
succedaneous teeth
permanent teeth that replace
or succeed the deciduous
teeth
nonsuccedaneous teeth
permanent molars (1st, 2nd, 3rd) - do not have predecessors, do not succeed or replace deciduous molars
name different arches. how many teeth are present in primary arch and how many in secondary mandibular arch?
maxillary arch: upper jaw; mandibular arch: lower jaw - 10 teeth in each arch in primary/deciduous - 16 teeth in secondary/ permanent mandibular arch
how many dentitions are
there?
3
Primary
secondary
mixed
list number of different
quadrants
4 total quadrant - quadrant 1: permant maxillary right quadrant 2: permanent maxillary left quadrant 3; permanent mandibular left quadrant 4: permanent mandibular right
are any primary teeth
succedaneous?
NO, only a permanet tooth can be a succedaneous tooth because by definition a succedaneous tooth is a permanent tooth that secceeds or replace a deciduous tooth
name all nonsuccedaneous
permanent teeth
1st, 2nd, 3rd molars in
permanent teeth
are secondary molars
nonsuccedaneous?
yes
dentition composed of
both primary and secondary
teeth is called a dentition
MIXED dentition
Dental Caries
- an infectious microbiologic disease of the
teeth that results in localized dissolution and
destruction of the calcified tissues.
*a destructive process causing delcalification
of the tooth enamel and leading to
continued destruction of enamel and dentin,
and cavitation of the tooth.
caries is a multi-factorial disease,
consisting of 3 components:
- dietary sucrose
- susceptible host
- cariogene /bacteria
Susceptible Host
teeth present in mouth -areas for plaque to accumulate and stagnant -poor restoration margins -calculus -low availability of fluoride
Cariogenic
organisms that cause caries
200-300 species of bacteria, yeast, and
protozoa are indigenous to mouth
2 bacterial groups associated with
dental caries:
mutans streptococci
lactobacilli
characteristics of the 2 bacterial groups groups that
enables them to survive in the oral
cavity and promote dental caries:
acidogenic
aciduric
acidogenic
produce acid (lactic acid) from sugar
aciduric
can survive in acidic environment
enamel demineralizes at a PH of between
5 - 5.5
Acquired Pellicle Formation
a cellular, nonmineralized, layer that
forms on teeth from salivary
glycoproteins immediately after teeth
are cleaned
Caries detection
implies finding a sign of the disease, this
is the first step in the diagnosis process
caries diagnosis
implies determining whether lesions are
present, how severe lesion are, active or
arrested, and if they are preventive or
restorative treatment
Traditional Caries Diagnosis
- Visual
- Tactile
- Radiographs
Radiographs
-bitewing radiographs used primarily to
diagnose caries for posterior teeth
-periapical radiographs used primarily
to diagnose caries for anterior teeth
what are the signs of incipient (early)
lesions?
-white spots on teeth when dry
-dull, flat, opaque, or etched
appearance of enamel, but it feels
smooth to the explorer
Early Childhood Caries
**aka nursing caries, nursing bottle syndrome, or baby
bottle caries
results from infants’ and young children’s prolonged use
of the baby bottle filled with sweetened juices or milk
commonly affects maxillary anterior teeth, particularly
facial surfaces
mandibular teeth can be protected by the tongue
associated with high levels of S mutans {presumably
transmitted by the mother}
Dental Fluorosis
Etiology: caused by a child receiving too much fluoride during tooth development {between 1 and 4
years old}
Prevention
-oral hygiene is the primary prevention against dental
caries
-this consists of personal proper care brushing at least
twice a day and flossing daily and professional regular
care dental examination and cleaning, at least once a
year
-diet: often high in carbs
-artificial saliva: helps wash away debris
-good oral hygiene: lowers acid potential
-topical fluroide: strengthens tooth structure
Man has _____ dentinitions,
and ____ dentition periods
Man has 2 dentitions, but 3
dentition periods, since the
decidious and permanent
dentition periods overlap
Primary Dentition Period:
Occurs from ___ to _____
Ends when and why
Period of tooth development where there are only primary teeth in the mouth Occurs from 6 months to 6 years of age Ends around 6 yrs. old with the eruption of the mandibular first molar
All decididous teeth
normally erupt by _____
And their roots are formed
within _____
Decidious teeth erupt by 2
years (24-26 months)
Their roots are completed a
year after eruption
Permanent teeth erupt
between ___ and __ yrs.
Their roots are completed
within _____
Permanent teeth erupt
between 6 and 21 years
Their roots are completed 2-
3 years after eruption
Mixed Dentition Both what and what are present Lasts from when to when Ends \_\_\_\_ and what begins \_\_\_\_\_\_
Mixed dentition is when both decidous and
permanent teeth are present
Lasts from 6-12 years of age
Ends with the exfoliation of the last decidious tooth,
Permanent Dentition Period
Begins when and ends when
Period when only permanent teeth are present Begins with exfoliation of last decidous tooth, around 12 years of age, and ends with the end of life
Permanent teeth that
replace exfoliated decidous
teeth are known as
Succedaneous Teeth
Since their are 20 decidous
teeth, there must be _______
succedaneous teeth
20 succedaneous teeth
The permanent teeth that
are also succedaneous
teeth are _______
The incisors and canines, which replace their decidous counterparts, and the premolars, which replace the decidous molars
The only permanent teeth
that are not succedaneous
are _____
The permanent molars All succedaneous teeth are permanent teeth, but not all permanent teeth are succedaneous teeth
first succedaneous tooth to erupt is the?
Maxillary central incisor
