test 1 Flashcards
1
Q
What are the nine
regions of the face?
A
(1)Forehead (2)Temples
(3)Orbital area (4)External
nose (5) Zygomatic area
(6)Mouth and lips, (7)Cheeks
(8)Chin (9)External ear
2
Q
What is the area of
color change around
the border of the lips?
A
Vermillion border
3
Q
What types of tissue
cover the oral cavity
A
Mucous membrane
4
Q
What are the two
regions of the oral
cavity?
A
Vestibule: space between teeth and inner mucosal lining of lips & cheeks Oral cavity proper: Space ont he tongue side within lower and upper dental arches
5
Q
What is the name of the structure that passes from the oral mucosa to the facial midline of the mandibular arch?
A
Mandibular labial
frenum
6
Q
What is another
anatomical term for
the gums?
A
Gingiva
7
Q
What is another term
for unattached
gingiva?
A
Marginal gingiva or
Free gingiva
8
Q
What is another term
for interdental
gingiva?
A
Interdental papillae
9
Q
What is the pear
shaped pad of tissue
behind the maxillary
incisors?
A
Incisive papilla
10
Q
What is the hanging
projection of tissue at
the border of the soft
palate?
A
Uvula
11
Q
What is the term for
upper surface of the
tongue?
A
Dorsum
12
Q
What is the thin fold of mucous membrane that extends from the floor of your mouth to the underside of your tongue?
A
Lingual frenum
13
Q
tongue tied
A
extremely short lingual frenum
14
Q
Dentition
A
the general arrangement of
teeth
- set of teeth naturally in
position in the dental arches
15
Q
primary dentition
A
20 deciduous teeth
- 8 incisors, 4 canines, 8 molars, no
premolars on deciduous dentition
- complete deciduous dentition ususally
btw 2 1/2 to 5 3/4 years
16
Q
Primary teeth erupt?
A
erupt begins around 6 month and
replaced by permanent teeth
17
Q
complete deciduous dentition usually?
A
btw 2 1/2 to 5 3/4 years
18
Q
secondary dentition
A
32 permanent teeth - replace primary dentition - called permanent dentition - # of teeth may vary for individuals due to genetics, disease, etc
19
Q
arches
A
Maxillary and Mandibular
20
Q
midline (median line)
A
imaginary line goes down
median part of face
21
Q
quadrant
A
- quadrant 1; maxillary right
- quadrant 2; maxillary left
- quadrant 3; mandibular left
- quadrant 4; mandibular right
22
Q
sextant
A
dividing arch into 3 sections;
- total 6 sextants for oral cavity
23
Q
How are sextants numbered
A
numbered 1-6 starting from
maxillary right and ending on
mandibular right
24
Q
mixed dentition
A
contains primary and permanent teeth
25
mixed dentition age
5 3/4- 12 yrs
26
universal system
uses number 1-32 for permanent teeth
| - uses letter A -T for primary/deciduous teeth
27
palmer notation system
oral cavity divided into 4 quadrants
| - teeth in each quad are labeled 1-8
28
federation dentaire
| internationale (FDI) system
every tooth is coded with 2 digit number
- each quad is numbered 1-4
- teeth are numbered 1-8 (similar to palmer)
29
FDI wisdom teeth identification
1-8, 2-8, 3-8, 4-8
30
succedaneous teeth
permanent teeth that replace
or succeed the deciduous
teeth
31
nonsuccedaneous teeth
```
permanent molars (1st, 2nd,
3rd)
- do not have predecessors,
do not succeed or replace
deciduous molars
```
32
```
name different arches. how
many teeth are present in
primary arch and how many
in secondary mandibular
arch?
```
```
maxillary arch: upper jaw;
mandibular arch: lower jaw
- 10 teeth in each arch in
primary/deciduous
- 16 teeth in secondary/
permanent mandibular arch
```
33
how many dentitions are
| there?
3
Primary
secondary
mixed
34
list number of different
| quadrants
```
4 total quadrant
- quadrant 1: permant maxillary right
quadrant 2: permanent maxillary left
quadrant 3; permanent mandibular left
quadrant 4: permanent mandibular right
```
35
are any primary teeth
| succedaneous?
```
NO, only a permanet tooth can be
a succedaneous tooth because by
definition a succedaneous tooth is
a permanent tooth that secceeds
or replace a deciduous tooth
```
36
name all nonsuccedaneous
| permanent teeth
1st, 2nd, 3rd molars in
| permanent teeth
37
are secondary molars
| nonsuccedaneous?
yes
38
dentition composed of
both primary and secondary
teeth is called a dentition
MIXED dentition
39
Dental Caries
* an infectious microbiologic disease of the
teeth that results in localized dissolution and
destruction of the calcified tissues.
*a destructive process causing delcalification
of the tooth enamel and leading to
continued destruction of enamel and dentin,
and cavitation of the tooth.
40
caries is a multi-factorial disease,
| consisting of 3 components:
* dietary sucrose
* susceptible host
* cariogene /bacteria
41
Susceptible Host
```
teeth present in mouth
-areas for plaque to accumulate and
stagnant
-poor restoration margins
-calculus
-low availability of fluoride
```
42
Cariogenic
organisms that cause caries
200-300 species of bacteria, yeast, and
protozoa are indigenous to mouth
43
2 bacterial groups associated with
| dental caries:
mutans streptococci
| lactobacilli
44
characteristics of the 2 bacterial groups groups that
enables them to survive in the oral
cavity and promote dental caries:
acidogenic
| aciduric
45
acidogenic
produce acid (lactic acid) from sugar
46
aciduric
can survive in acidic environment
47
enamel demineralizes at a PH of between
5 - 5.5
48
Acquired Pellicle Formation
a cellular, nonmineralized, layer that
forms on teeth from salivary
glycoproteins immediately after teeth
are cleaned
49
Caries detection
implies finding a sign of the disease, this
| is the first step in the diagnosis process
50
caries diagnosis
implies determining whether lesions are
present, how severe lesion are, active or
arrested, and if they are preventive or
restorative treatment
51
Traditional Caries Diagnosis
1. Visual
2. Tactile
3. Radiographs
52
Radiographs
-bitewing radiographs used primarily to
diagnose caries for posterior teeth
-periapical radiographs used primarily
to diagnose caries for anterior teeth
53
what are the signs of incipient (early)
| lesions?
-white spots on teeth when dry
-dull, flat, opaque, or etched
appearance of enamel, but it feels
smooth to the explorer
54
Early Childhood Caries
**aka nursing caries, nursing bottle syndrome, or baby
bottle caries
results from infants' and young children's prolonged use
of the baby bottle filled with sweetened juices or milk
commonly affects maxillary anterior teeth, particularly
facial surfaces
mandibular teeth can be protected by the tongue
associated with high levels of S mutans {presumably
transmitted by the mother}
55
Dental Fluorosis
Etiology: caused by a child receiving too much fluoride during tooth development {between 1 and 4
years old}
56
Prevention
-oral hygiene is the primary prevention against dental
caries
-this consists of personal proper care brushing at least
twice a day and flossing daily and professional regular
care dental examination and cleaning, at least once a
year
-diet: often high in carbs
-artificial saliva: helps wash away debris
-good oral hygiene: lowers acid potential
-topical fluroide: strengthens tooth structure
57
Man has _____ dentinitions,
| and ____ dentition periods
Man has 2 dentitions, but 3
dentition periods, since the
decidious and permanent
dentition periods overlap
58
Primary Dentition Period:
Occurs from ___ to _____
Ends when and why
```
Period of tooth development where
there are only primary teeth in the
mouth
Occurs from 6 months to 6 years of age
Ends around 6 yrs. old with the eruption
of the mandibular first molar
```
59
All decididous teeth
normally erupt by _____
And their roots are formed
within _____
Decidious teeth erupt by 2
years (24-26 months)
Their roots are completed a
year after eruption
60
Permanent teeth erupt
between ___ and __ yrs.
Their roots are completed
within _____
Permanent teeth erupt
between 6 and 21 years
Their roots are completed 2-
3 years after eruption
61
```
Mixed Dentition
Both what and what are
present
Lasts from when to when
Ends ____ and what begins ______
```
Mixed dentition is when both decidous and
permanent teeth are present
Lasts from 6-12 years of age
Ends with the exfoliation of the last decidious tooth,
62
Permanent Dentition Period
| Begins when and ends when
```
Period when only permanent teeth
are present
Begins with exfoliation of last
decidous tooth, around 12 years of
age, and ends with the end of life
```
63
Permanent teeth that
replace exfoliated decidous
teeth are known as
Succedaneous Teeth
64
Since their are 20 decidous
teeth, there must be _______
succedaneous teeth
20 succedaneous teeth
65
The permanent teeth that
are also succedaneous
teeth are _______
```
The incisors and canines,
which replace their decidous
counterparts, and the
premolars, which replace the
decidous molars
```
66
The only permanent teeth
that are not succedaneous
are _____
```
The permanent molars
All succedaneous teeth are
permanent teeth, but not all
permanent teeth are
succedaneous teeth
```
67
first succedaneous tooth to erupt is the?
Maxillary central incisor
