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Plant Science 101 > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Agronomy

A

Principles and practices of crop production and field management

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2
Q

Horticulture

A

Propagation (growing) of garden plants

-Fruits, veggies, flowers, ornamentals, woody trees, shrubs

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3
Q

Cultural Practices

A

methods or practices used in agriculture overtime that are eventually adopted as routine after much trial and error

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4
Q

Malthusian Theory

A

Sufficient food would be a problem with populations that increase over time with limited land area available

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5
Q

Ways to increase food production?

A
  • -Growing improved crop varieties and hybrids (genetics)
  • -Increase fertilizer use, irrigation, drainage, pesticides, mechanical technology (tractors, etc), crop rotations, other cultural practices
  • -We are in a field land economy
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6
Q

Botanical Rankings for Plants:

A 
Kingdom
Division
Class
Order (ends in “ales”)
Family (ends in “aceae”)
Genus
Species
Variety
Cultivar
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7
Q

Binomial Nomenclature

A

Genus and Species

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8
Q

Authority

A

who named the plant

– letter at the end of the binominal nomenclature

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9
Q

Variety

A
  • -Plants of the same species but display differences in nature
  • -These differences breed true
  • -Naturally occurring
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10
Q

Cultivar

A
  • -Selected variety propagated for desirable attribute
  • -Human cultivated
  • -“Cultivated variety”
  • -If breeding stopped, cultivar would disappear
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11
Q

Angiosperm

A
  • -Produce seed within fruit via ovary and ovule in a flower

- -Flowering plants

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12
Q

Gymnosperm

A
  • -Produce seeds in cones (lack fruit)

- -Non-flowering plants

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13
Q

Monocotyledon

Monocot

A

Has 1 cotyledon (seed leaf) from seed

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14
Q

Dicotyledon

Dicot

A

Has 2 cotyledons (seed leaves) from seed

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15
Q

Differences bt monocot and dicot

A
  • -# of flowers
  • -vascular tissue pattern
  • -root structures
  • -response to herbicides
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16
Q

Annual

A
  • -Plant completes life cycle in one growing season

- -All roots, stems, and leaves of plant die annual

17
Q

Biennial

A
  • -completes life cycle in 2 growing cycles
  • -Produces vegetative growth season 1
  • -Usually a cluster of leaves near the soil surface
  • -Stem growth, flowers, and seed formation in season 2
18
Q

When does a biennial plant begin to have stem growth, flowers, and see formation?

A

Season 2

19
Q

Perennial

A
  • -Can grow for many seasons
  • -Some top dieback in winter and regrow in spring
  • -Re-growth in spring from same root system
  • -From stored food in roots (legumes, grasses)
  • -Some enter a dormant period (trees, shrubs)
20
Q

Cereals/ Grains

A
  • -grasses groomed for edible seeds

- -75% starch, 12% protein, 2% fat

21
Q

example of cereal/ grain

A

wheat, barley, corn, rice, sorghum

22
Q

Legumes aka:

A

pulses

23
Q

legumes seeds are high in:

A

protein that is produced in pods

–1/3 of dry weight as protein

24
Q

legumes examples:

A

peanuts, field bean, field pea, soybean, lima bean

25
Q

Forage crops

A
  • -Fresh or preserved vegetative matter used as feed for animals
  • -Ex: grasses, clover used for hay
26
Q

Root Crops

A
  • -Grown for their enlarged roots (starch filled)

- -Ex: sugarbeet, carrot, turnip, sweet potatoes

27
Q

Fiber Crops

A
  • -Grown for their fiber to make paper and textiles

- -Ex: cotton, flax (linen), hemp (rope)

28
Q

Sugar Crops

A
  • -Grown for extraction and crystallization of their sweet juice
  • -Ex: sugar beet and sugarcane (sucrose): corn (fructose/ glucose)
29
Q

Oil Crops

A
  • -Seeds with useful oils

- -Ex: flax, soybean, peanut, sunflower, canola

30
Q

Tuber Crops

A
  • A short thick underground stem
  • Stores food resources
  • Not a root
  • Ex: potato and Jerusalem Artichoke
31
Q

Drug Crops

A
  • Pain relief, disease treatment, psychoactive

- Ex: tobacco, coffee, opium poppy, cannabis

Plant Science 101 (1 decks)

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