Test 1 Flashcards
Agronomy
Principles and practices of crop production and field management
Horticulture
Propagation (growing) of garden plants
-Fruits, veggies, flowers, ornamentals, woody trees, shrubs
Cultural Practices
methods or practices used in agriculture overtime that are eventually adopted as routine after much trial and error
Malthusian Theory
Sufficient food would be a problem with populations that increase over time with limited land area available
Ways to increase food production?
- -Growing improved crop varieties and hybrids (genetics)
- -Increase fertilizer use, irrigation, drainage, pesticides, mechanical technology (tractors, etc), crop rotations, other cultural practices
- -We are in a field land economy
Botanical Rankings for Plants:
Kingdom Division Class Order (ends in “ales”) Family (ends in “aceae”) Genus Species Variety Cultivar
Binomial Nomenclature
Genus and Species
Authority
who named the plant
– letter at the end of the binominal nomenclature
Variety
- -Plants of the same species but display differences in nature
- -These differences breed true
- -Naturally occurring
Cultivar
- -Selected variety propagated for desirable attribute
- -Human cultivated
- -“Cultivated variety”
- -If breeding stopped, cultivar would disappear
Angiosperm
- -Produce seed within fruit via ovary and ovule in a flower
- -Flowering plants
Gymnosperm
- -Produce seeds in cones (lack fruit)
- -Non-flowering plants
Monocotyledon
Monocot
Has 1 cotyledon (seed leaf) from seed
Dicotyledon
Dicot
Has 2 cotyledons (seed leaves) from seed
Differences bt monocot and dicot
- -# of flowers
- -vascular tissue pattern
- -root structures
- -response to herbicides
Annual
- -Plant completes life cycle in one growing season
- -All roots, stems, and leaves of plant die annual
Biennial
- -completes life cycle in 2 growing cycles
- -Produces vegetative growth season 1
- -Usually a cluster of leaves near the soil surface
- -Stem growth, flowers, and seed formation in season 2
When does a biennial plant begin to have stem growth, flowers, and see formation?
Season 2
Perennial
- -Can grow for many seasons
- -Some top dieback in winter and regrow in spring
- -Re-growth in spring from same root system
- -From stored food in roots (legumes, grasses)
- -Some enter a dormant period (trees, shrubs)
Cereals/ Grains
- -grasses groomed for edible seeds
- -75% starch, 12% protein, 2% fat
example of cereal/ grain
wheat, barley, corn, rice, sorghum
Legumes aka:
pulses
legumes seeds are high in:
protein that is produced in pods
–1/3 of dry weight as protein
legumes examples:
peanuts, field bean, field pea, soybean, lima bean
Forage crops
- -Fresh or preserved vegetative matter used as feed for animals
- -Ex: grasses, clover used for hay
Root Crops
- -Grown for their enlarged roots (starch filled)
- -Ex: sugarbeet, carrot, turnip, sweet potatoes
Fiber Crops
- -Grown for their fiber to make paper and textiles
- -Ex: cotton, flax (linen), hemp (rope)
Sugar Crops
- -Grown for extraction and crystallization of their sweet juice
- -Ex: sugar beet and sugarcane (sucrose): corn (fructose/ glucose)
Oil Crops
- -Seeds with useful oils
- -Ex: flax, soybean, peanut, sunflower, canola
Tuber Crops
- A short thick underground stem
- Stores food resources
- Not a root
- Ex: potato and Jerusalem Artichoke
Drug Crops
- Pain relief, disease treatment, psychoactive
- Ex: tobacco, coffee, opium poppy, cannabis
