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test 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Which is true regarding the field of psychology?

  1. psychology is a field of medical doctors
  2. psychology is a field of scientific inquiry
  3. psychology is the study of therapy and counseling
  4. psychology only focuses on people with mental disorders
A

psychology is a field of scientific inquiry

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2
Q

Which of these statements is least likely to be made by a functionalist?

  1. Nausea is adaptive because it protects the body against poisons
  2. Depression evolved because it arouses the sympathy of others
  3. Laughter occurs less often when a person is alone
  4. Feelings of guilt are useful because they prevent members of a community to hurt their neighbors
A

Laughter occurs less often when a person is alone

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3
Q

The ideas of ___ formed the basis for psychoanalysis, an important school of psychological thought that explored unconscious drives and conflicts

  1. Wilhelm Wundt
  2. William James
  3. Sigmund Freud
  4. Joseph Gall
A

Sigmund Freud

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4
Q

Dr. Huerta believes that genetic factors lead to heavy drinking and drug use, which alters brain function to create addiction. Which psychological perspective does she follow?

A

biological

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5
Q

Student’s grades positively correlated with their use of the internet. What can we conclude?

A

We can predict that students who use the internet frequently are more likely to get better grades than those who do not.

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6
Q

What should we do to show that using the internet causes better grades?

  1. Run an experiment
  2. Manipulate use of the internet as an independent variable
  3. observe students’ grades as a dependent variable
  4. All of the above
A

all of the above

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7
Q

Which of the following is manipulated by the researchers in an experiement?

  1. control variable
  2. dependent variable
  3. independent variable
  4. confounding variable
A

independent variable

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8
Q

Bruce assigns grades in PSYC 102 by carefully measuring the size of each students’ head. What is wrong with his grading system?

  1. It is not stable
  2. It is not valid
  3. It is not reliable
  4. It is not significant
A

It is not valid

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9
Q

Which part of the neuron transmits messages to other neurons, muscles, or gland cells?

  1. the axon
  2. dendrites
  3. the cell body
  4. glial cells
A

the axon

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10
Q

_____ refers to the concept that specific parts of the brain fulfill specific functions.

  1. localization
  2. plasticity
  3. lateralization
  4. neurogenesis
A

localization

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11
Q

If your hippocampus was damaged a year ago, which of the following tasks would be most difficult for you?

A

Remembering what you had for dinner last night

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12
Q

Which lobe of the brain is responsible for processing sounds?

  1. frontal
  2. temporal
  3. occipital
  4. parietal
A

temporal

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13
Q

Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by ____.

  1. studying the genetic basics for behavior and theorizing how instincts influence behavior
  2. studying unconscious motivations for behavior throughout the use of psychoanalysis
  3. studying how emotional responses influence behavior with deemphasizing the importance of the unconscious
  4. studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes
A

studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes

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14
Q

____ is perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans.

  1. humanism
  2. structuralism
  3. gestalt
  4. behaviorism
A

humanism

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15
Q

Susan wants to study prejudice, attraction, how we explain our own behavior versus how we can explain the behavior of others, and how resolve interpersonal conflicts. Susan should conduct research in the area of _____.

  1. social psychology
  2. gestalt psychology
  3. personality
  4. psychoanalysis
A

social psychology

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16
Q

Which of the following psychologists was a behaviorist?

  1. John watson
  2. Wilhelm Wundt
  3. sigmund freud
  4. William James
A

John watson

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17
Q

William James was the _____.

  1. first American psychologist
  2. author of the first psychology textbook
  3. first psychoanalyst
  4. father of psychology
A

first American psychologist

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18
Q

introspection refers to a process by which someone examines ____ as objectively as possible.

  1. the social construction of consciousness
  2. her own conscious experience
  3. her own subconscious experience
  4. another person’s consciousness
A

her own conscious experience

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19
Q

psychology refers to the ____.

  1. systematic study of human interaction
  2. empirical study of humanity
  3. experimental study of individuals
  4. scientific study of the mind and behavior
A

scientific study of the mind and behavior

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20
Q

Lucy wants to study changes in cognitive skills, moral reasoning, and social behavior across the lifespan. Lucy should specialize in ____ psychology.

  1. personality
  2. cognitive
  3. developmental
  4. social
A

developmental

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21
Q

the ____ variable measures effects of the independent variable.

  1. dependent
  2. independent
  3. confounding
  4. experimental
A

dependent

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22
Q

_____ research studies the same groups of participants over time.

  1. correlational
  2. cross-sectional
  3. longitudinal
  4. archival
A

longitudinal

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23
Q

Which of the following research designs will allow cause-and-effect conclusions?

  1. descriptive
  2. survey
  3. correlational
  4. experimental
A

experimental

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24
Q

____ research uses past records or data sets to investigate research questions or to look for patterns or relationships.

  1. experimental
  2. correlational
  3. survey
  4. archival
A

archival

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25
Q

Research shows that people who smoke cigarettes are more likely to get lung cancer than those who do not smoke. This research alone demonstrates:

  1. that smoking causes lung cancer
  2. that smoking contributes to lung cancer
  3. a common cause of both smoking and lung cancer
  4. a relationship between smoking and lung cancer
A

a relationship between smoking and lung cancer

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26
Q

_____ refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result.

  1. validity
  2. reliability
  3. generalizability
  4. statical significance
A

reliability

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27
Q

Krista and Tatiana Hogan are participants in an ____ of conjoined twins.

  1. experiment
  2. naturalistic observation
  3. survey
  4. case study
A

case study

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28
Q

In order to maximize the chances that experimental groups represent the population of interest, researchers should conduct ___ and ___.

  1. blind group assignment; random sampling
  2. blind sampling; random group assignment
  3. blind group assignment; blind sampling
  4. random sampling; random group assignment
A

random sampling; random group assignment

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29
Q

A(n) ____ is a well-developed set of ideas that proposes an explanation for observed phenomena.

  1. conclusion
  2. theory
  3. hypothesis
  4. operational definition
A

theory

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30
Q

A negative correlation means:

  1. a third variable eliminates a correlational relationship
  2. there is a relationship two variables, but it is not statistically significant
  3. two variables increase together, but they are associated with an undesirable outcome
  4. one variable decreases as the other increases
A

one variable decreases as the other increases

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31
Q

The only was to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables is to conduct a(n) _____.

  1. study
  2. survey
  3. detailed literature search
  4. experiment
A

experiment

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32
Q

A(n) ____ is a variable that affects both variables of interest and may falsely give the impression of a cause-and-effect relationship.

  1. independent variable
  2. confounding variable
  3. dependent variable
  4. control variable
A

confounding variable

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33
Q

A major advantage of case studies is ____.

  1. detailed information
  2. quick data collection
  3. generalizability
  4. large sample size
A

detailed information

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34
Q

the effects of neurotransmitters tend to be ____, whereas the effects of hormones tend to be ____.

  1. slow; a short duration
  2. fast; long lasting
  3. fast; a short duration
  4. slow; long lasting
A

fast; long lasting

35
Q

the two main divisions of the nervous system are the ___ and ___.

  1. autonomic; somatic nervous system
  2. parasympathetic; sympathetic nervous system
  3. autonomic; sympathetic nervous system
  4. central; peripheral nervous system
A

central; peripheral nervous system

36
Q

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for _____.

  1. depression
  2. obsessive-compulsive disorder
  3. Parkinson’s disease
  4. schizophrenia
A

depression

37
Q

studying close relatives allows behavioral genetics to determine _____.

  1. the contribution of genes or environment to the behavior in the individuals studied
  2. the relative contributions of genes and environment in a population
  3. whether genes or environment cause a behavior or trait
  4. how behaviors have changed over time
A

the relative contributions of genes and environment in a population

38
Q

the space between two neurons is called the ____.

  1. synapse
  2. terminal button
  3. vesicle
  4. soma
A

synapse

39
Q

the _____ receives messages from muscles, tendons, joints, and structures in our ear to control balance, coordination, movement, and motor skills

  1. ventral tegmental area
  2. cerebellum
  3. substantia nigra
  4. sensory cortex
A

cerebellum

40
Q

the ____ gland is often referred to as the master gland of the endocrine system.

  1. adrenal
  2. pituitary
  3. pineal
  4. thyroid
A

pituitary

41
Q

the endocrine system consists of a series of glands that produce chemical substances known as ____.

  1. neurotransmitters
  2. factors
  3. proteins
  4. hormones
A

hormones

42
Q

The theory of _____ states that organisms that are better suited for their environment will survive and reproduce, while those that are poorly suited for their environment will die off.

  1. behavioral genetics
  2. evolution by natural selection
  3. genetic mutation
  4. survivalism
A

evolution of natural selection

43
Q

What does the myelin sheath do?

  1. connect two neurons together
  2. increase speed of the electrical signal down the axon
  3. collect excitatory and inhibitory signals
  4. help release neurotransmitters
A

increase speed of the electrical signal down the axon

44
Q

Which of the following is not a part of the fight or flight response?

  1. running away
  2. pupils dilate
  3. heart rate and blood pressure increases
  4. adrenaline surges into the bloodstream
A

running away

45
Q

____ is a technique often used in studies investigating sleep patterns. Researchers place electrodes at various locations on a person’s head in order to record brainwaves.

  1. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
  2. positron emission tomography (PET)
  3. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
  4. electroencephalography (EEG)
A

electroencephalography (EEG)

46
Q

Elaina has been diagnosed with a small brain tumor. She first went to see her doctor after experiencing symptoms such as feeling very cold, almost fainting, a reduced appetite, and reduced sexual desire. Which of the following structures is her tumor most likely affecting?

  1. thalamus
  2. hypothalamus
  3. substantia nigra
  4. broca’s area
A

hypothalamus

47
Q

_____ is the electrical signal that typically moves from the cell body down the axon to the axon terminals.

  1. depolarization
  2. hyper polarization
  3. action potential
  4. neurotransmission
A

action potential

48
Q

the cognitive revolution led psychologists to focus their attention on better understanding _____.

  1. stimulus-response and the instincts that underlie human reaction to pain
  2. genetics and the evolutionary adaptation that underlie behavior
  3. emotions and cultural norms that underlie emotional responses
  4. the mind and mental processes that underlie behavior
A

the mind and mental processes that underlie behavior

49
Q

What is Abraham Maslow best known for?

  1. proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior
  2. studying the influence of reinforcement and punishment on behavior
  3. classical conditioning
  4. dream analysis
A

proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior

50
Q

psychoanalytic theory focuses on ____ and early childhood experiences.

  1. a person’s unconscious
  2. evolutionary adaptation
  3. a person’s consciousness
  4. observable behavior
A

a person’s unconscious

51
Q

Behavorists study ____.

  1. learned behavior
  2. a person’s unconscious mind
  3. chemical and hormonal changes
  4. dreams
A

learned behavior

52
Q

Edmund wants to identify relatively consistent patterns of thought and behavior, measure these traits, and determine how these traits interact in a particular context to determine how a person will behave in any given situation. Edmund wants to conduct research in the area ____.

  1. social psychology
  2. cognition
  3. personality
  4. perception
A

personality

53
Q

Penelope studies how the structure and function of the nervous system is related to behavior. She is a _____.

  1. developmental psychologist
  2. biopsychologist
  3. social psychologist
  4. perception
A

biopsychologist

54
Q

According to William James, the purpose of psychology was to ____.

  1. study the structure and characteristics of the mind
  2. manipulate human behavior
  3. interpret dreams
  4. study the function of behavior
A

study the function of behavior

55
Q

Aysha wants to focus on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior. What area of psychology should she work in?

  1. social psychology
  2. clinical psychology
  3. cognitive psychology
  4. organizational psychology
A

clinical psychology

56
Q

an intelligence test yields the same results when administered on three separate occasions. However, the test’s results are more strongly correlated with hours spent doing homework than they are with other standardized intelligence tests. This test has ____ reliability and ____ validity.

  1. low; low
  2. low; high
  3. high; high
  4. high; low
A

high; low

57
Q

a relationship between two variables is known as ______.

  1. reliability
  2. validity
  3. cause-and-effect
  4. a correlation
A

a correlation

58
Q

_____ is the tendency to ignore evidence that disproves ideas or beliefs.

  1. illusory correlation
  2. experimenter bias
  3. confirmation bias
  4. Sampling bias
A

confirmation bias

59
Q

A(n) ____ is a description of how the researchers will measure the variable of interest.

  1. operational definition
  2. hypothesis
  3. theory
  4. experimental plan
A

operational definition

60
Q

_____ refers to the ability of an instrument of tool to accurately measure what it is supposed to measure.

  1. generalizability
  2. operational definition
  3. reliability
  4. validity
A

validity

61
Q

_____ is/are often conducted with large numbers of participants and can even be conducted by phone, email, or mail.

  1. archival research
  2. surveys
  3. university experiments
  4. case studies
A

surveys

62
Q

The _____ is controlled by the experimenter.

  1. independent variable
  2. dependent variable
  3. variability
  4. confounding variable
A

independent variable

63
Q

which of the following is not a characteristic of a good hypothesis?

  1. it can be tested using the empirical methods
  2. it is falsifiable
  3. it is complex
  4. it is an if-then statement
A

it is complex

64
Q

scientific knowledge is advanced through a process known as ____.

  1. the scientific method
  2. inductive reasoning
  3. deductive reasoning
  4. the experiment
A

the scientific method

65
Q

In a ___ study, both the researchers and the participants are unaware of the group assignments.

  1. pilot
  2. double-blind
  3. control
  4. randomly assigned
A

double blind

66
Q

Patwardhan et. al report date from a study where they hired experimental confederates to attend speed dating events, posing as daters, and carefully taking notes on the behaviors of the daters. What type of research design did they use?

  1. experiment
  2. naturalistic observation
  3. survey
  4. case study
A

naturalistic observation

67
Q

Researchers are conducting a study where they have concerns that the participants beliefs and/or the experiments beliefs may slew the results. Therefore, they chose to conduct a ___ study.

  1. control
  2. double-control
  3. double-blind
  4. single-blind
A

double-blind

68
Q

_____ are human subjects of psychological research.

  1. people
  2. participants
  3. clients
  4. individuals
A

participants

69
Q

the auditory cortex is located in which lobe of the brain?

  1. temporal
  2. parietal
  3. occipital
  4. frontal
A

temporal

70
Q

_____ is a neurotransmitter involved in mood, reward, addiction, and motor behavior.

  1. dopamine
  2. acetylcholine
  3. serotonin
  4. glutamate
A

dopamine

71
Q

the somatosensory cortex is responsible for processing _____.

  1. motivation and error
  2. language, such as speech
  3. motor information to body areas, such as arms, legs, and face
  4. temperature, touch, and pain
A

temperature, touch, and pain

72
Q

what part of the neuron receives messages?

  1. soma
  2. dendrites
  3. axon
  4. synaptic vesicles
A

dendrites

73
Q

which of the following is not a function of the cerebral cortex?

  1. reasoning
  2. memory
  3. breathing
  4. emotion
A

breathing

74
Q

which of the following is not an endocrine gland?

  1. pineal gland
  2. thyroid
  3. ovaries
  4. hypothalamus
A

hypothalamus

75
Q

which of the following is not a limbic system structure?

  1. hippocampus
  2. pons
  3. amygdala
  4. hypothalamus
A

pons

76
Q

______ is a neurotransmitter with roles in pleasure and pain modulation.

  1. acetylcholine
  2. GABA
  3. beta-endorphin
  4. norepinephrine
A

beta-endorphin

77
Q

sensory and motor neurons of the _____ nervous system and associated with activities traditionally thought of as conscious of voluntary.

1 . sympathetic

  1. autonomic
  2. parasympathetic
  3. somatic
A

somatic

78
Q

_______ asserts that our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and our environment interacts with our genes to determine within those boundaries we will fall.

  1. evolutionary psychology
  2. environmental psychology
  3. range of reaction
  4. behavioral genetics
A

range of reaction

79
Q

the central nervous system consists of the brain and the ______.

  1. spinal cord
  2. peripheral nerves
  3. internal organs
  4. brainstem
A

spinal cord

80
Q

Ainsley is participating in a study that aims to determine whether the occipital cortex becomes more active in response to moving versus stationary stimuli. When she arrives at the lab, she ingests a “tracer” and then enter the scanning machine. What type of brain imagining is most likely being conducted in this study?

  1. magnet resonance imaging (MRI)
  2. electroencephalograph (EEG)
  3. positron emission tomography (PET)
  4. computerized tomography (CT) scan
A

positron emission tomography (PET)

81
Q

the _____ is involved in our experience of emotion and tying emotional meaning to our memories.

  1. amygdala
  2. corpus callosum
  3. pons
  4. hypothalamus
A

amygdala

82
Q

Psychiatrists often prescribe drugs they hope will treat psychiatric symptoms by restoring _____ balance.

  1. hormone
  2. emotional
  3. electrical
  4. neurotransmitter
A

neurotransmitter

83
Q

who established the first psychology lab?

A

Wilhelm wundt

psych 102 (2 decks)

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