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Gross Anatomy 2 > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

T/F the larynx is considered to be part of the digestive and respiratory system

A

T

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2
Q

the pharynx conducts ____ to the esophagus and ____ to the larynx

A

food, air

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3
Q

what conducts food to the esophagus and air to the larynx

A

pharyx

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4
Q

what is a funnel shaped fibromuscular tube that extends from the base of the skull to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage

A

pharynx

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5
Q

the pharynx extends from where to where

A

base of the skull to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage

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6
Q

the pharynx lies ___ to the nasal cavity, oral cavity and larynx

A

posterior

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7
Q

what are the three parts that make up the pharynx

A

nasopharynx (Cv1)
oropharynx (Cv2-v3)
laryngopharynx (Cv3-v6)

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8
Q

what part of the pharynx is posterior to the nasal cavity

A

nasopharynx

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9
Q

what part of the pharynx is posterior to the oral cavity

A

oropharynx

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10
Q

what part of the pharynx is posterior to the larynx

A

laryngopharynx

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11
Q

T/F teh pharyngeal isthmus is open when swallowing

A

False–its closed

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12
Q

what is the superior, inferior, anterior and pposterior boundary of the nasopharnx

A

superior: roof of pharynx
inferior: soft palate
anterior: posterior boarder of inferior nasal concha
posterior: posterior wall of pharynx

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13
Q

what is the clinical significance of the pharyngeal tonsil

A

may become enlarged causing issues breathing through the nose.

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14
Q

what is the second most commonly removed tonsils (and whats the MC)

A

2nd: pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid)
MC: palatine

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15
Q

aka for pharyngeal tonsil

A

adenoids

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16
Q

what is a tonsil

A

a mass of lymphoid tissue

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17
Q

what is a mass of lymphoid tissue called

A

tonsil

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18
Q

what is the pharyngotympaic (auditory) tube limited above by?

A

cartilaginous structure called the torus tubarious

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19
Q

what does the torus tubarious limit?

A

limits the pharyngotympacic tubes

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20
Q

where does the pharyngotympanic tube open to

A

the lateral wall of the nasopharynx

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21
Q

what does the pharyngotympanic tube connect

A

nasopharynx with the middle ear

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22
Q

what equalizes pressure between the nasopharynx and tympanic cavity

A

pharyngotympanic tube

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23
Q

why are ear infections (otitis media) MC in children

A

because the pharyngotympanic tube is more horizontal in children

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24
Q

what is the smallest tonsil that doesnt have any folds or pits

A

tubal tonsil (located in the torus tubaris)

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25
Q

what tonsil lies immediately behind the opening of the pharyngotympanic tube

A

tubal tonsil

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26
Q

what is the name of the fold that descends from the torus tubarious to the wall of the pharynx

A

salpingopharyngeal fold

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27
Q

what are the superior, inferior, anterior and posterior boundaries of the oropharynx

A

superrior: soft palate
inferior: superior border of the epiglottis
anterior: palatoglossal fold
posterior: posterior wall of the pharynx

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28
Q

what level does the oropharynx lie at

A

CV 2 AND 3

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29
Q

where are the palatine tonsils found

A

in the oropharynx (between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal fold)

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30
Q

what is found between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds

A

palatine tonsils

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31
Q

what are the names of the two folds located in the oropharynx

A

palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal

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32
Q

where is the palatoglossal fold

A

from the soft palate to the tongue (deep to the fold is the paltoglossus muscle)

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33
Q

where is the palatopharyngeal fold

A

from the soft palate to the wall of the pharynx (deep to the fold is the palatopharyngeous muscle)

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34
Q

what is the space between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal fold called

A

tonsillar fossa

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35
Q

what are the tonsils MC removed during childhood

A

palatine tonsils

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36
Q

what is the circular arrangement of tonsils around the oropharynx formed by the lingual, palatine, tubal, pharyngeal tonsils called

A

tonsillar ring

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37
Q

what is the tonsillar ring, where is is located and what tonsils make up it

A

circular arragement of tonsils in the oropharynx

lingual, palatine, tubal and pharyngeal tonsils

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38
Q

what is the first line of defense against infection in the oropharynx

A

tonsillar ring

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39
Q

what is the longest part of the pharynx

A

laryngopharynx

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40
Q

what are the superior, inferior, anterior and posterior boundaries of the laryngopharynx

A

superior: superior boarder of epiglottis
inferior: lower border of cricoid cartilage
anterior: posterior surface of larynx
posterior: posterior wall of larynx

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41
Q

what is the opening to the larynx called and the area where if you swallow something and it “goes down the wrong tube”

A

laryngeal inlet

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42
Q

the laryngopharynx is bound laterally by the ______ folds and inferiorly by the ______ _____

A

aryepiglottic; interarytenoid notch

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43
Q

what is a recess in the anterior wall of the laryngopharynx thats located on either side of the laryngeal inlet

A

piriform fossa (recess)

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44
Q

what creates a channel for the passage of food around the laryngeal inlet

A

piriform fossa

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45
Q

where is an area that food can get caught in the laryngopharynx and cause bad breath

A

piriform fossa

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46
Q

where is the MC area for good to get caught in teh laryngopharynx

A

piriform fossa

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47
Q

what are the two layers that the muscles of the pharynx lie in

A

external (circular)

longitudinal layer

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48
Q

what are the muscles located in the external (circular) layer of the pharynx

A

inferior constrictor, muddle constrictor, superior constrictor, palatopharyngeal sphincter

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49
Q

what is the common action that all of the external (circular) layer muscles of the pharynx do

A

contract the pharynx during swallowing

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50
Q

what is the common insertion that all of the external (circular) layer muscles of the pharynx have

A

pharyngeal raphe

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51
Q

what is the common innervation that all of the external (circular) layer muscles of the pharynx have

A

Vagus nerve CNX via the pharyngeal plexus

***the interior constrictor muscle also is innervated by the external laryngeal nerve

52
Q

innervation of the inferior constrictor muscle

A

CNX & external laryngeal nerve

53
Q

what is the function of the palatopharyngeal sphincter

A

specialized band of muscle formed by the superior constrictor that helps to seal the pharyngeal isthmus during swallowing (so you dont get fluid up the nasal cavity (: )

54
Q

what are the muscles in the longitudinal layer of muscles of the pharynx

A

stylopharungeous, palatopharyngeous, salpingopharyngeous

55
Q

what is the innervation of the stylopharyngeous muscle (longitudinal layer)

A

glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

56
Q

what is the innervation of the palatopharyngeous muscle (longitudinal layer)

A

vagus nerve (CN X) via the pharyngeal plexus

57
Q

what is the innervation of the salpingopharyngeous muscle (longitudinal layer)

A

vagus nevrve CNX via the pharyngeal plexus

58
Q

**what is the only muscle in the body innervated by CN IX

A

stylopharyngeous

59
Q

**what muscle works with the tensor veli palatini to open the pharyngotympanic tube

A

salpingopharyneous

60
Q

what is the function of the salpingopharyngeous muscle

A

elevates the pharynx, opens pharyngotympanic tube

61
Q

the pharyngeal plexus is a network of nerves that lies on the ____ _____ muscle

A

middle constrictor

62
Q

the pharyngeal plexus is a network of nerves. what are the 3 components of the plexus

A
  1. pharyngeal branch of the vagus CN X
  2. pharyngeal brach of the glossopharyngeal CN IX
  3. sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion
63
Q

what does the pharyngeal branch of the vagus CNX supply

A

motor fibers to all the muscles of the pharynx EXCEPT stylopharyngeous (that is innervated by gollospharyngeal CN IX)

64
Q

what does the pharyngeal branch of the glossopharyngeal CN IX supply

A

sensory to the mucosa of the pharynx

65
Q

what supplies sensory to the mucosa of the pharynx

A

glossopharyngeal CN IX

66
Q

what are the two arteries of the pharynx

A

ascending pharyngeal artery and maxillary artery

67
Q

what is the buccopharyngeal fascia

A

surrounds the pharynx external to the muscles of the pharynx. continuous with the pretracheal fascia

68
Q

surrounds the pharynx external to the muscles of the pharynx. continuous with the pretracheal fascia

A

buccopharyngeal fascia

69
Q

pharyngobasilar fascia

A

lies internal to the muscles and external to the mucosa of the pharynx

70
Q

lies internal to the muscles and external to the mucosa of the pharynx

A

pharyngobasilar fascia

71
Q

retropharyngeal space

A

potential space between the buccopharyngeal fascia and the prevertebral fascia. extends down to the thorax and permits free movement of the pharynx and the esophagus during swallowing

72
Q

potential space between the buccopharyngeal fascia and the prevertebral fascia. extends down to the thorax and permits free movement of the pharynx and the esophagus during swallowing

A

retropharyngeal space

73
Q

what might happen if there was a hemorrage from cervical trauma or abscess from pharyngeal infection to the retropharyngeal space

A

posterior wall of the pharynx would balloon forward and the patient may suffocate

74
Q

what is the clinical significance of the retropharyngeal space in the context of trauma to the cervicals

A

hemorrage from cervical trauma or abscess from pharyngeal infection may cause the posterior wall of the pharynx would balloon forward and the patient may suffocate

75
Q

on xray what should you make sure to look for in cases of cervical trauma

A

widening of the retropharyngeal space

76
Q

what is dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

77
Q

function of incisor teeth

A

cutting

78
Q

function of canine teeth

A

puncturing and tearing

79
Q

function of premolars

A

single or double rooted–broad chewing surface

80
Q

function of molars

A

multiple rooted teeth: very borad chewing surface

81
Q

what is the labial surface of incisiors and canines and of pre and molars

A

incisiors/canines: side facing lip or cheek

molars: side facing the cheeck/buccal

82
Q

what is the lingual surface of teeth

A

facing the tongue

83
Q

what is the mesial and what is the distal surface of teeth

A

mesial: side facing anteriorly or toward midline
distal: side facing posteriorly/away from midline

84
Q

the human has two set of teeth–the _____ aka baby teeth and ______ or adult teeth

A

decidious

permanent

85
Q

what is the make up of your decidious set of teeth per quadrant

A

2 incisors, one canine, 2 molars (5 per quadrantx4)= 20 teeth

86
Q

what is the make up of your permanent set of teeth per quadrant

A

2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 pre molars, 3 molars. (8/quadrantx4)
32 teeth

87
Q

premolars replace what teeth

A

premolars replace deciduous molars

88
Q

how many incisors, canine, pre molars and molars do you have with decidious set per quadrant

A

2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 molars

89
Q

how many incisors, canine, pre molars and molars do you have with permanent set per quadrant

A

2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 pre molars, 3 molars.

90
Q

a tooth ache affects ____ tooth/teeth, where was trigeminal neuralgia affects ____ of teeth

A

1 tooth, a whole row

91
Q

maxillary teeth innervation

A

superior alveolar branches from the maxillary divsion of the trigeminal (sensory only) (V2)

92
Q

mandibular teeth innervation

A

inferior alveolar nerve from the mandibular division of trigeminal (V3)

93
Q

what is the purpose of teeth

A

to break down food material during mastication to increase surface area (SA) to faciliate enzymatic activity and absorption

94
Q

what is the hardest substance in the human body

A

enamel

95
Q

what does enamel cover

A

the crown of the tooth

96
Q

where is the dentin/what does it cover

A

internal to the enamel and covers crown and root

97
Q

what fills the centrla cavity of the tooth and contains blood vessels (BV), nerves and lymphatics

A

pulp

98
Q

what is the bone like substance that covers the root of the tooth. is part of the peridontium (attachment system for teeth)

A

cementum

99
Q

what are the 4 functions of the tongue

A

taste
mastication
swallowing
speech

100
Q

**what is the structure of the tongue that divides the tongue into the oral part and the oropharyngeal part

A

sulcus terminalis

101
Q

what is the sulcus terminalis

A

structure of the tongue that divides the tongue into the oral part and the oropharyngeal part

102
Q

what is the oral part of the tongue

A

anterior 2/3

103
Q

what is the oropharyngeal part of the tongue

A

posterior 1/3

104
Q

**what is located as the apex of the V of the sulcus terminalis and is the remnant of the embryonic thyroglossal duct

A

foramen cecum

105
Q

***what and where is the foramen cecum

A

located as the apex of the V of the sulcus terminalis and is the remnant of the embryonic thyroglossal duct

106
Q

conical projections with sharply pointed tips (part of tongue) with no taste buds

A

filiform papillae

107
Q

T/F filiform papillae have taste buds

A

False-they do not

108
Q

**mushroom shaped, contain sweet tasting taste buds (tongue–what papillae)

A

fungiform

109
Q

**largest of the lingual papillae, arranged in a v-shaped row in front of the sulcus terminalis, contain taste buds (tongue–what papillae)

A

vallate papillae

110
Q

**grooves and ridges along the margin of the tongue, poorly developed in humans–contain taste buds (tongue–what papillae)

A

foliate papillae

111
Q

**which of the following papillae of the tongue do not contain taste buds: fungiform, filiform, vallate, foliate

A

filiform

112
Q

T/F lingual tonsil has deep ridges causing a lot of infections here

A

false–has shallow ridges so infections are usually not an issue

113
Q

what are the two folds that connect the tongue to the epiglottis

A

medial and lateral glossoepiglottic fold

114
Q

**what is the vallecula

A

the space of either side of the median glossoepiglottic fold

115
Q

what is the space on either side of the median glossoepiglottic fold called

A

vallecula

116
Q

what connects the inferior surface of the tongue to the floor

A

frenulum

117
Q

***what is ankyloglossia

A

in infants frenulum is short S-I and long A-P causing the tongue to be strapped to the floor of the mouth and impedes speech. usually grows the first year of life

118
Q

nerves, vessels and extrinsic muscles enter of leave the tongue through the ___

A

root

119
Q

what are the four intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

genioglossus
hyoglossus
styloglossus
palatoglossus

120
Q

what innervates the four intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

hypoglossal CN XII: genioglossus
hyoglossus
styloglossus
*** CN X via the pharyngeal plexus innervates the palatoglossus

121
Q

CN XII innervate all the intrinsic muscles of the tongue except for which? genioglossus, hyoglossus, palatoglossus, styloglossus

A

palatoglossus

122
Q

what is the function of the genioglossus (intrinsic tongue muscle)

A

pulls the tongue forward–prevents the tongue from falling back and blocking the airway leading to suffocation. particularly important while under anesthesia and in seizure disorders

123
Q

what is the sensory innervation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

anterior: lingual nerve–a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve V3

124
Q

what is the innervation of taste of the ant 2/3 of the tongue

A

chorda tympani–a branch of the facia nerve CN7

125
Q

sensation and taste for the posterior 1/3 of the tongue is through what nerve

A

glossopharyngeal nerve IX

126
Q

what is the artery and vein supply to the tonue

A

artery: lingual artery (from ext carotid)
vein: lingual vein (to int jugular)

127
Q

what are the lymph nodes in the tongue and where do they drain?

A

submental, submandibular, and deep cervical. drain to the deep cervical nodes.

Gross Anatomy 2 (1 decks)

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